Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to investigate the association between percent contribution of ultra-processed foods to total dietary energy intake and measurements of body composition obtained using high-validity methods. ⋯ The contribution of ultra-processed foods to total dietary energy intake of Brazilian adolescents was associated with body composition, especially with decreasing lean body mass.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of trimethylamine (TMA)-degrading probiotic agents on trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) and the related lipid metabolism in mice. ⋯ Bif. animalis subsp. lactis F1-3-2 could be colonized in the cecum, and might directly degrade TMA or change the structure of intestinal flora. The strain had an effect on TMA and TMAO levels in vivo by decreasing cecum TMA. The strain was demonstrated to participate in the TMA-TMAO regulation, improve the lipid metabolism, and alleviate atherosclerosis caused by TMAO. However, FMO3 had not changed in this process, and needs further study.
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Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) plays an important role in milk volume homeostasis in the mammary glands during lactation, and 5-HT in milk also may affect infant development. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in 5-HT concentration in breast milk according to the duration of lactation and evaluate whether the 5-HT concentration varied before and after nursing. ⋯ This information may be useful in determining the role of 5-HT in breast milk on infant development and growth.
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Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have lower serum vitamin D and higher serotonin and interleukin (IL)-6 levels compared with healthy children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on core symptoms and serum levels of serotonin and IL-6 in these children. ⋯ These findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation may improve ASD symptoms; however, more studies with longer duration are indispensable to confirm our results.
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The aim of this study was to verify the accuracy of the SARC-F and the SARC-CalF as screening tools for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older women ≥60 y of age. ⋯ The present study findings suggested that SARC-CalF may be able to outperform SARC-F as a sarcopenia screening tool in women ≥60 y of age even under the new EWGSOP2 criteria, the main determinant of which is strength as observed in studies based on the previous definition.