Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of administration of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate-enriched formula after liver transplantation: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
Most patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) have decreased skeletal muscle mass, malnutrition, and decreased physical activity levels. These comorbidities may prevent early recovery after surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of oral nutritional formula-enriched β-hydroxy-β-methyl-butyrate (HMB), a leucine metabolite that promotes muscle synthesis and suppresses proteolysis, on postoperative sarcopenia and other outcomes after adult-to-adult living donor LT (LDLT). ⋯ Postoperative administration of HMB-enriched formula with rehabilitation significantly increased GS at 1 and 2 mo and SMI at 2 mo and shortened postoperative hospital LOS after LDLT.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effects of 6 mo of supplementation with probiotics and synbiotics on gut microbiota in the adults with prediabetes: A double blind randomized clinical trial.
The evidence of 16S rRNA genes in the gut microbiota distinguished a higher Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio in individuals who were obese and had diabetes than in a healthy cohort. So, it seems that the modulation of intestinal microbial ecology by pro-/pre-/synbiotics may contribute to the progression and prevention of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of probiotics and synbiotic supplementation on the modification of the intestinal microbiome in adults with prediabetes. ⋯ The results of this study suggest that manipulation of the human gut microbiome by using probiotics could provide a potential therapeutic approach in the prevention and management of obesity and metabolic disorders such as diabetes.
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Review Case Reports
Nutritional management of celiac crisis in an elderly adult: A case report of the rare presentation of celiac disease in a 75-y-old woman.
In adults, a very uncommon presentation of celiac disease (CD) is a celiac crisis, a life-threatening and severe form of the disease having a dramatic onset with diarrhea and metabolic acidosis with electrolyte and fluid imbalance. Treatment of celiac crisis requires a gluten-free diet; however, the risk for refeeding syndrome (RFS) should be considered in patients showing marked malabsorption symptoms and important unintentional weight loss. Therefore, to avoid metabolic and potentially fatal complications of re-nutrition, nutritional management is crucial for a safe recovery after a celiac crisis. ⋯ After being diagnosed with CD, the first approach was a gluten-free diet, which demonstrated only small and slow improvements of gastrointestinal symptoms. Therefore, a second approach was parenteral nutrition (PN) support that dramatically helped the patient's recovery. Here we describe the nutritional management during the inpatient stay for clinical stabilization and the following outpatient visits during and after the support with PN, until the patient's complete recovery to a regular follow-up.
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The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is considered a systemic inflammatory marker and has been associated with a poor prognosis in various cancer types. The aim of this study was to assess whether lower NLR values are associated with higher adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) values in patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer. ⋯ In patients with cancer, NLR is negatively associated with APMT.
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The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic sensitivity of body mass index (BMI) in detecting obesity according to different cutoff points in order to classify a high body fat percentage (%BF) in adolescents and young adults. ⋯ The use of different references for the classification of a high %BF implied a difference in the diagnostic sensitivity of the BMI. Higher cutoff points resulted in greater sensitivity and ability to differentiate individuals with and without obesity.