Nutrition
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Observational Study
Dietary patterns associated with obesity and overweight: When should misreporters be included in analysis?
The aim of the study was to identify dietary patterns associated with overweight and obesity and to examine the effect of including and excluding misreporters on the analysis of these dietary patterns and on the associations between identified dietary patterns and anthropometric parameters. ⋯ There is a positive relationship between the WD pattern and obesity. The exclusion of misreporters from the data set may positively affect the association between the HD pattern and anthropometric parameters.
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To our knowledge, no study has addressed the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet style and severity of heart failure. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet assessed using the calculation of Mediterranean diet score and congestive heart failure (CHF), its severity, and pathogenesis. ⋯ The beneficial effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet suggest a possible answer to the question of the biochemical bases of our data, which should be seen as the direct consequence of the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-remodeling effects linked to the diet.
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The aim of the present work was to assess the content of fiber and resistant starch (RS) in several gluten-free products (GFPs), compare them with their gluten-containing analogs (GCP) analytically and with label data, and measure the contribution of these foodstuffs to the fiber content of a gluten-free diet. ⋯ The fiber and RS content were not different in the studied samples, except for the bread. It is noteworthy that label information can underestimate fiber consumption among those with celiac disease, and this must be considered for future database revision. Additionally, we demonstrated a significant effect on the fiber intake of children and adults due to GFPs, and especially to bread, a widely consumed basic product.
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Micronutrient deficiencies are common among people living with HIV (PLWHIV). The clinical and immunologic consequences of micronutrient deficiencies have been poorly explored in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of zinc and selenium deficiency (dietary intake and serum concentrations) and analyze their associations with absolute CD4+ T-cell counts, inflammation markers, and metabolic disorders in a cohort of antiretroviral-experienced HIV-infected individuals. ⋯ Suboptimal zinc and selenium intake and serum concentration deficiencies are highly prevalent in treated HIV-positive individuals and are associated with body composition, BMD, and inflammation. Clinical trials should be designed to explore the effect of zinc and selenium supplementation on metabolic, inflammatory, and immunologic parameters on the HIV-positive population.
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Observational Study
Association of fatty acid consumption with frailty and mortality among middle-aged and older adults.
Despite their role in health and disease, the relationship between fatty acids (FAs) and frailty and mortality remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore how FA intake is associated with frailty and mortality. ⋯ Only a higher percentage of SFA intake was associated with both higher frailty and mortality even after considering the degree of nutritional deficits. The effect of SFAs on mortality was evident across levels of frailty. FAs were associated with long-term mortality more often than they with degree of frailty.