Nutrition
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Observational Study
Dietary patterns associated with obesity and overweight: When should misreporters be included in analysis?
The aim of the study was to identify dietary patterns associated with overweight and obesity and to examine the effect of including and excluding misreporters on the analysis of these dietary patterns and on the associations between identified dietary patterns and anthropometric parameters. ⋯ There is a positive relationship between the WD pattern and obesity. The exclusion of misreporters from the data set may positively affect the association between the HD pattern and anthropometric parameters.
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Despite being secreted exclusively by adipocytes, circulating adiponectin (ApN) is negatively associated with obesity. Moreover, obesity is traditionally viewed as leading to increased bone mass and density. Therefore, ApN may play a biological role in regulating fat and bone metabolism. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between ApN, measures of obesity, and bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy adults living in Singapore. ⋯ Our results suggest that ApN, an adipocyte-derived hormone, may affect bone metabolism, which may be mediated by sex hormones.
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Sepsis is a severe organic dysfunction caused by an infection that affects the normal regulation of several organ systems, including the central nervous system. Inflammation and oxidative stress play crucial roles in the development of brain dysfunction in sepsis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a fish oil (FO)-55-enriched lipid emulsion as an important anti-inflammatory compound on brain dysfunction in septic rats. ⋯ FO diminishes the negative effect of polymicrobial sepsis in the rat brain by reducing inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Phytosterolemia and γ-glutamyl transferase in adults with parenteral nutrition: Fish versus vegetal lipids: A randomized clinical trial.
Fish oil (FO)-based lipid emulsions (LEs) have been reported to prevent hepatic dysfunction in patients treated with parenteral nutrition (PN). We studied patients with alterations of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) associated with the administration of PN containing olive/soybean (O/S)-based LE. The aim of this study was to determine whether the strategy of reducing the lipid dose by 50%, by changing to an FO-based LE, reduced plasma levels of phytosterols (PS) and GGT more effectively and safely, than the strategy of reducing lipid contribution by 50% while maintaining the same LE composition. ⋯ Plasma accumulation of PS and high values of GGT, AP, and ALT can be prevented with the exclusive administration of FO-based LE.
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Comparative Study
A comparison of four common malnutrition risk screening tools for detecting cachexia in patients with curable gastric cancer.
Although there is international consensus regarding the importance of cachexia, no tools exist, to our knowledge, for cachexia screening among patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with cancer and cachexia could be identified using the four most commonly used nutritional screening tools: the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS)-2002, the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ). ⋯ Among the tools examined, the MST had the greatest ability to detect cancer cachexia among patients with gastric cancer.