Nutrition
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Multicenter Study
Widespread vitamin D deficiency and its sex-specific association with adiposity in Chinese children and adolescents.
Vitamin D is involved in various physiologic and pathologic processes in the human body. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the association of adiposity indicators with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) in Chinese children and adolescents. ⋯ Vitamin D deficiency was widespread and its sex-specific association with an excess of body fat in Chinese children and adolescents. The findings indicate that targeted screening and treatment guidelines may be useful.
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Providing adequate amounts of protein in preterm infants suffering from a metabolic disease that requires a reduced intake of natural protein is challenging. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism affecting the enzymatic conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. The dietary treatment of PKU aims to lower phenylalanine concentrations in the blood by implementing a low-phenylalanine diet restrictive in natural protein. ⋯ We show that nutrition of preterm infants with PKU according to recommendations of early and intensive nutrition with a high intake of protein is feasible even in infants with impaired enteral feeding. Due to a high phenylalanine tolerance of PKU infants during prematurity, there is no need for a phenylalanine-free parenteral amino acid mixture. During the catabolic state of prematurity preterm infants with PKU have phenylalanine requirements comparable to healthy preterm infants.
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The aim of this study was to validate self-reported anthropometric measurements and body mass index (BMI) classifications in a young adult population. ⋯ Good agreement was detected between self-reported and direct anthropometric measurements. The criticism of self-reported anthropometric measurements is unwarranted. The findings provide support for using self-reported height and weight data for research in Australian young adults when direct measurements are not feasible.
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Case Reports
Effect of l-carnitine supplementation on muscle cramps induced by stroke: A case report.
l-carnitine, a compound responsible for transportation of acyl groups across cell membranes and modulating intracellular acyl-coenzyme A levels, is reported to reduce muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis and diabetes and those on dialysis. A 79-y-old man with right-sided paralysis was admitted to our hospital and diagnosed with cerebral infarction. Nocturnal leg cramps appeared in the affected side and caused sleep disturbance. ⋯ Patients with stroke-induced paralysis experience muscle wasting, which might reduce pooled carnitine in the affected side. This case suggests that stroke may cause localized carnitine deficiency, and l-carnitine supplementation might be effective for muscle cramps induced by stroke. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of l-carnitine supplementation for muscle cramps triggered by cerebral infarction.
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The aim of this study was to observe the variation of iodine concentration in breast milk and urine in exclusively breastfeeding women and their infants during the first 24 wk after childbirth. ⋯ The iodine nutrition in lactating women and infants were adequate during the first 24 wk after childbirth. M-BMIC declined from week 1 to week 8 postpartum. Both I-UIC and M-UIC dropped from week 1 to week 4 postpartum. Further studies are needed to explore a more definitive BMIC and UIC range for an optimal iodine status in lactating women and breastfed infants.