Nutrition
-
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of improved nutritional status on activities of daily living (ADLs) and dysphagia in elderly patients with pneumonia who were admitted to acute care hospitals. ⋯ Nutritional improvement is associated with improvements in ADL and dysphagia in patients with pneumonia and malnutrition.
-
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver morbidity. This condition often is accompanied by obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the connection between lifestyle factors and NAFLD in individuals with MetS. ⋯ Physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and consumption of legumes were inversely associated with a non-invasive marker of NAFLD in individuals with MetS. This data can be useful in implementing precision strategies aimed at the prevention, monitoring, and management of NAFLD.
-
Multicenter Study
Changes in the availability of clinical practice guidelines for malnutrition: A 6-y multicenter study.
The aim of the study was to examine the availability of clinical practice guidelines for malnutrition in hospitals over a period of 6 y and the subsequent use of nutritional interventions in malnourished patients. ⋯ The availability of guidelines on malnutrition increased in participating hospitals over the 6-y study period. Regular controls of adherence to the guidelines positively correlated with their availability. More interventions to treat malnutrition were carried out in 2017. The use of clinical practice guidelines in this study was associated with more interventions treating malnutrition.
-
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of zinc, vitamin D, and their co-supplementation versus placebo on changes in the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) score, serum cortisol level, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in obese/overweight patients with depressive symptoms. ⋯ Supplementation with zinc, vitamin D, or in combination for 12 wk yielded significant beneficial effects on the BDI-II score in obese or overweight patients with BDI-II ≥10.
-
Review
Effect of ultra-processed diet on gut microbiota and thus its role in neurodegenerative diseases.
The current dietary pattern is characterized by high consumption of ultra-processed foods and lower consumption of fiber and vegetables, environmental factors that are associated directly with the current incidence of chronic metabolic diseases. Diet is an environmental factor that influences the diversity and functionality of the gut microbiota, where dietary changes have a direct action on their homeostasis. ⋯ From a systematic search, the present review analyzes the relationship and effect of the current feeding pattern, with the dysregulation of the microbiota and its influence on the development of cognitive decline. Because diagnosis of NDs is usually at late stages, this review highlights the importance of a search for stricter public health strategies regarding access to and development of ultra-processed foods.