Nutrition
-
The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease has risen in Africa and parallels the obesity epidemic. To assess cardiometabolic risk, body composition measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are ideal. In communities with limited resources, alternative measures may be useful but have not been compared extensively in black Africans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify alternative methods of body composition assessment, such as body adiposity index (BAI) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), for use in African-born blacks. ⋯ BIA with the Sun et al. predictive equation was the best alternative to DXA for body fat assessment in African-born blacks.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy and safety of immediate oral intake in patients with mild acute pancreatitis: A randomized controlled trial.
Early enteral nutrition is recommended for patients with severe acute pancreatitis (AP); however, nutritional management strategies for patients with mild AP have not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits and safety of immediate oral intake of low-fat solid food in patients with mild AP who were allowed to take opioid analgesics. ⋯ The initial treatment strategy for mild AP should be altered from the gradual introduction of oral feeding upon the absence of pain to immediate oral nutrition with opioid analgesics, to improve treatment efficacy and reduce treatment cost.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Adequacy and safety of α-lactalbumin-enriched low-protein infant formula: A randomized controlled trial.
The aim of this study was to demonstrate suitability and safety of an infant formula enriched with α-lactalbumin with a reduced protein content of 1.89 g protein/100 kcal. ⋯ α-lactalbumin-enriched formula with a protein content of 1.89 g protein/100 kcal is safe and supports adequate growth.
-
The aim of this study was to examine the structural changes in brain on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in severely malnourished children before and after treatment. ⋯ The present study revealed that malnutrition per se has a significant effect on the structure of the developing brain and also affects neurologic development. These changes are reversible after treatment so early stimulation and nutritional rehabilitation can help to prevent permanent neurologic derangements.
-
Case Reports
Hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis, and hypervitaminosis D precipitated by supplementation in a susceptible individual.
Vitamin D supplementation is common among the general public. Although generally considered safe, vitamin D supplement-induced toxicity has been reported, often in association with manufacturing or labeling errors. Additionally, selected patient populations may have a hypersensitivity to vitamin D supplementation, leading to consequences due to supraphysiologic serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. ⋯ This leads to the persistence of high levels of bioactive vitamin D metabolites, increasing the risk for development of intoxication with vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D supplementation can precipitate hypercalcemia and nephrolithiasis in individuals with altered vitamin D catabolism. This highlights the importance of monitoring serum calcium levels in patients who are being supplemented with vitamin D.