Nutrition
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall diet quality of an Italian population through the use of the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) and its relation to clinical and biochemical nutritional markers. ⋯ MDSS has a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, particularly in the youngest age group and smokers. The index shows a correlation with some parameters of nutritional interest and further larger cohorts studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Multicenter Study
Influence of chemoradiotherapy on nutritional status in locally advanced rectal cancer: Prospective multicenter study.
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on nutritional status and the association between changes in nutritional status and clinical outcomes (treatment completion, adverse events, perioperative complications, and relapse-free survival [RFS]) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). ⋯ These findings suggest that malnutrition and changes in nutritional status are not only commonly observed after CRT, but also associated with treatment completion and adverse events.
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Amino acids are not only components of proteins, but also can be metabolized to energy substances or be used as signaling molecules. However, basic knowledge of the relationship between amino acid treatment and energy metabolism is still insufficient. The aims of this study was to profile the effects of essential amino acid and alanine treatment on the energy metabolism of both myoblasts and myotubes and to contribute to the understanding of the basic relationship between amino acid treatment and energy metabolism of skeletal muscle cell. ⋯ Findings from the present study complemented the basic knowledge of amino acid treatment on the energy metabolism of cultured skeletal muscle cells and suggested the inhibitory effects of glycolysis by branched-chain amino acid catabolism.
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In Dutch hospitals malnutrition screening is routinely performed at admission, but not during follow-up or before discharge. Therefore we evaluated nutritional status during hospitalization and predischarge in a routine care setting. ⋯ Prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients is high at admission (31%) and, importantly, also high predischarge (36%). Malnutrition is more prevalent in patients with a longer length of stay. These findings underscore the importance of follow-up of nutritional status in hospitalized patients and adequate transmural nutrition care after discharge to prevent malnutrition from remaining undetected and untreated.
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Approximately 50% to 60% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by an increase in metabolic rate. The Harris and Benedict (HB) 1919 formula is the equation mainly used to calculate resting energy expenditure (cREE) compared with measured REE (mREE) by indirect calorimetry (IC), but other formulas are also applied in current practice. The present study aimed to assess mREE in patients with ALS compared with 12 cREE formulas and study the relevant threshold of REE variation to screen patients with a higher evolving risk. ⋯ The increase in metabolic rate is present according to the different cREE formulas used compared with IC. In clinical practice, REE formulas (e.g., HB 1919, HB 1984, or Mifflin) can be used as a reference value compared with IC to screen patients with ALS with an REE variation >20% and a higher evolving risk.