Nutrition
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Multicenter Study
Influence of chemoradiotherapy on nutritional status in locally advanced rectal cancer: Prospective multicenter study.
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on nutritional status and the association between changes in nutritional status and clinical outcomes (treatment completion, adverse events, perioperative complications, and relapse-free survival [RFS]) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). ⋯ These findings suggest that malnutrition and changes in nutritional status are not only commonly observed after CRT, but also associated with treatment completion and adverse events.
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In Dutch hospitals malnutrition screening is routinely performed at admission, but not during follow-up or before discharge. Therefore we evaluated nutritional status during hospitalization and predischarge in a routine care setting. ⋯ Prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients is high at admission (31%) and, importantly, also high predischarge (36%). Malnutrition is more prevalent in patients with a longer length of stay. These findings underscore the importance of follow-up of nutritional status in hospitalized patients and adequate transmural nutrition care after discharge to prevent malnutrition from remaining undetected and untreated.
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Mishandling of lipid and glycogen has been documented as a feature of metabolic tissues in insulin resistance-related disorders. However, reports exist detailing that L-glutamine (GLN) protects non-adipose tissue against the deleterious effects of metabolic disorders. Therefore, we hypothesized that GLN would protect skeletal muscle and adipose tissue against the deleterious effects of lipid and glycogen mishandlings by increasing adenosine and glutathione levels in pregnant rats exposed to fructose (FRU)-enriched drinks. ⋯ The present results collectively indicate that lipid and glycogen mishandlings caused by high gestational FRU intake result in the depletion of adenosine and glutathione in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. These findings also suggest that L-glutamine protects against skeletal muscle and adipose tissue dysmetabolism by enhancing adenosine and glutathione.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall diet quality of an Italian population through the use of the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) and its relation to clinical and biochemical nutritional markers. ⋯ MDSS has a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, particularly in the youngest age group and smokers. The index shows a correlation with some parameters of nutritional interest and further larger cohorts studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Maternal obesity increases the risk for adverse infant outcomes; therefore, achieving an optimal body mass index before conception is recommended. Periconceptional maternal weight loss, however, has been associated with adverse outcomes for the fetus, including altered body composition in animal studies. It is not clear whether periconception weight loss alters infant body composition in humans. The aim of this study was to compare body composition in offspring of women who attempted to lose or maintain weight in the periconception period. ⋯ The results of this study showed that attempts to lose weight in the periconception period do not significantly alter infant body composition. The increase in abdominal circumference may indicate a difference in fat distribution in offspring of women who attempted to lose weight, which may increase their risk for future metabolic and cardiovascular disease.