Nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis
Effects of intermittent fasting and energy-restricted diets on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review and meta-analysis has evaluated the cholesterol-lowering effects of intermittent fasting (IF) and energy-restricted diets (ERD) compared with control groups. The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to summarize the effects of controlled clinical trials examining the influence of IF and ERD on lipid profiles. ⋯ Relative to a non-diet control, IF and ERD are effective for the improvement of circulating TC, LDL-C, and TG concentrations, but have no meaningful effects on HDL-C concentration. These effects are influenced by several factors that may inform clinical practice and future research. The present results suggest that these dietary practices are a means of enhancing the lipid profile in humans.
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In Dutch hospitals malnutrition screening is routinely performed at admission, but not during follow-up or before discharge. Therefore we evaluated nutritional status during hospitalization and predischarge in a routine care setting. ⋯ Prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients is high at admission (31%) and, importantly, also high predischarge (36%). Malnutrition is more prevalent in patients with a longer length of stay. These findings underscore the importance of follow-up of nutritional status in hospitalized patients and adequate transmural nutrition care after discharge to prevent malnutrition from remaining undetected and untreated.
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Recommended perioperative nutritional interventions may contribute to satisfactory surgical outcomes. Each moment in the course of a surgical pathologic condition may be a window of opportunity for an intervention with a positive impact on postoperative recovery. Based on the idea of accelerating postoperative recovery, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention with preoperative fasting abbreviation (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery recommendations) on the metabolism of patients undergoing gynecologic surgeries under spinal anesthesia. ⋯ Preoperative fasting abbreviation with liquid containing carbohydrate and protein before gynecologic surgeries may provide metabolic stability with lower variation in insulin resistance than inert solution.
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There is a growing interest in identifying alternatives to traditional oligosaccharide-based prebiotic agents owing to their undesirable attributes, such as a lack of microbial growth specificity and limited inherent bioactivity. In addition, a novel concept of second-generation synbiotic agents is currently emerging, which argues that prebiotic agents could be best defined on the basis of their physiological effects or functional capacities in the host rather than their specific microbial targets. ⋯ In the present review, we study evidence pertaining to the prebiotic and synbiotic attributes of polyphenols, as well as their relationship with probiotic bacteria, and discuss their efficacy, suitability, and strategies to develop second-generation synbiotic agents. We provide a perspective that polyphenol-based synbiotic agents are fundamentally superior to the traditional carbohydrate-based synbiotic agents and could therefore offer health benefits of both polyphenols and probiotic agents in a synergistic manner.