Nutrition
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Review
Meal timing and frequency implications in the development and prognosis of chronic kidney disease.
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of death than the general population, the main cause being cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nutrition plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of CVD and kidney diseases. Currently, new evidence reinforces the importance of specific foods and general dietary patterns rather than isolated nutrients for cardiovascular risk. ⋯ Epidemiologic and clinical intervention studies have suggested that late-night dinner and skipping breakfast are associated with an increased risk of obesity, insulin resistance, and CVD. In CKD, despite important changes in nutritional counseling in recent decades, less attention has been paid to meal timing and frequency. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the evidence of meal timing and frequency in CKD development and prognosis, presented under three main topics: risk of developing CKD, importance of dietary habits, and implications of fasting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparison of short-term hypocaloric high-protein diets with a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet: Effect on body composition and health-related blood markers in overweight and sedentary young participants.
The aim of the present study was to compare the short-term effects of a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet and two high protein diets, with and without whey protein supplementation, on body composition, lipidemic profile, and inflammation and muscle-damage blood indices in overweight, sedentary, young participants. ⋯ Among the three hypocaloric diets, only the Mediterranean diet induced positive changes in body composition and metabolic profile in overweight, sedentary individuals.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between dietary patterns and the risk of sarcopenic obesity (SO) in community-dwelling elderly people. ⋯ We suggest that older people should have a balanced daily diet such as a lacto-ovo-vegetarian dietary pattern to prevent the occurrence and progression of SO.
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This study aimed to examine the effects of protein intake on physical performance in critically ill adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). ⋯ Our findings indicate that a sufficient amount of protein intake may lead to a higher rate of recovery to independent walking before discharge from the hospital in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. This finding is likely related to preserved muscle strength at the time of ICU discharge.
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Low skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) can be assessed by imaging modalities and is associated with several clinically relevant factors in critically ill patients. Our aim was to establish the effect of computed tomography (CT)-defined LSMM on short-term mortality in critically ill patients based on a large patient sample. ⋯ CT-defined LSMM is highly prevalent in critically ill patients, has a relevant effect on short-term mortality, and should be included as a relevant prognostic biomarker in clinical routines.