Nutrition
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In this review, we systematically assess whether dietary interventions are effective in attenuating inflammatory biomarkers in IBDs based on clinical trials available in the literature. ⋯ The results presented in this review reveal that dietary intervention with specific characteristics may be important during the treatment of the inflammatory process in patients with IBDs.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of extra virgin olive oil and pecans on plasma fatty acids in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a healthy diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil or pecans on plasma fatty acids (PFAs) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). ⋯ In patients with stable CAD, there were no significant differences in PFAs after 12 wk according to dietary interventions evaluated.
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Regardless of the positive effect of yacon on metabolic markers, this food contains fructose molecules, which can originate advanced glycation end products (AGEs). High AGEs serum concentrations can contribute to excess body weight. We evaluated the effect of consuming an energy-restricted diet and yacon flour on glycation markers concentrations, and the associations between these markers and factors linked to obesity in adults with excess body weight. ⋯ The consumption of 25 g of yacon flour associated with an energy-restricted diet did not increase concentrations of glycation markers. Changes in glycation markers were positively associated with changes in consolidated anthropometric and biochemical markers related to being overweight. Assessing glycation markers may be a useful strategy for monitoring responses to dietary interventions in subjects with excess body weight.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Caffeine decreases ammonemia in athletes using a ketogenic diet during prolonged exercise.
Both exercise and a ketogenic (low-carbohydrate) diet favor glycogen depletion and increase ammonemia, which can impair physical performance. Caffeine supplementation has been routinely used to improve exercise performance. Herein, the effect of xanthine was evaluated on ammonemia in cyclists who were placed on a ketogenic diet and engaged in prolonged exercise. ⋯ Our results suggest that the consumption of caffeine might attenuate the increase in ammonemia that occurs during exercise.
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This study aimed to compare the serum level of micronutrients with normal amounts, and assess their association with the severity of disease and inflammatory cytokines in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ⋯ Lower serum levels of vitamin D, zinc, and magnesium were involved in severe COVID-19.