Nutrition
-
In cystic fibrosis (CF), 85% to 90% of patients develop exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Despite enzyme substitution, low pancreatic phospholipase A2 (sPLaseA2-IB) activity causes fecal loss of bile phosphatidylcholine and choline deficiency. We report on a female patient who has CF and progressive hepatosteatosis from 4.5 y onward. ⋯ The patient was homozygous for rs12325817, a frequent single-nucleotide polymorphism in the PEMT gene, associated with severe hepatosteatosis in response to choline deficiency. Resolution of steatosis required 2 y (4.5% fat). Discontinuation/resumption of choline supplementation resulted in rapid relapse/resolution of steatosis, increased transaminases, and abdominal pain.
-
Seasonal variations in body composition and parameters that reflect nutritional status are well established in patients on hemodialysis (HD). However, to our knowledge, no study has assessed the changes in oxidative stress (OS). The aims of this study were to assess seasonal variations in OS, body composition, and other nutritional parameters. ⋯ These results suggest seasonal variations in OS in patients on HD and a possible interaction between OS and nutritional status in these patients.
-
Vitamin D plays a role in multiple aspects of human physiology, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) genes are associated with obesity. No data are available, to our knowledge, on the possible relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and genetic variations of VDR and PTH genes. This study aimed to assess the significance of vitamin D and PTH, as well as VDR, and PTH gene polymorphisms with body composition and biochemical investigations in Asian Indians with and without OSA. ⋯ Lower serum 25(OH) D levels were significantly observed in patients with OSA and correlate with disease severity. Also, VDR and PTH mutations were found to be highly related with OSA in Asian Indians.
-
The aim of this study was to quantify the bioaccessibility of phosphorus from amino acid-based formulas (AAFs) under different digestive conditions. ⋯ The present findings indicated that phosphorus bioaccessibility in the in-vitro batch digestion model translates well into phosphorus bioavailability in mice even under compromised digestive conditions that bypass gastric acidification.
-
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diet reversal to standard chow on diet-induced changes in structure and function of normal and obstructed bladders in male Wistar rats. ⋯ The results suggested that in obstructed bladders of animals, reversal of the diet could reverse all diet-associated changes that increase inflammation and fibrosis in obstructed bladders. This is especially important in changes related to high consumption of fatty diets and associated lower urinary tract symptoms.