Nutrition
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
The application value of preoperative fat-free mass index within Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition-defined malnutrition criteria for postoperative outcomes in patients with esophagogastric cancer.
The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the preoperative fat-free mass index (FFMI) for postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing esophagogastric cancer surgery and to explore the role of the FFMI in the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. ⋯ The FFMI has an important role in the diagnosis of malnutrition using the GLIM criteria. In this study, a decreased preoperative FFMI was closely associated with postoperative complications in patients with esophagogastric cancer.
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Nutrition labels advise consumers about the nutritional value of packaged foods and their contribution to the overall composition of the diet. They have been proposed as an instrument for the promotion of healthy diets and as a fundamental tool in the prevention of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). ⋯ Although nutrition science investigates individual foods or nutrients, when communicating to the public most of the significant evidence of the favorable health effect largely depends on dietary patterns and not on a single food component or individual nutrient. Therefore, we suggest that a new tool based on positive communication should be developed and implemented to highlight the importance of the diet as a complex matrix.
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It is likely that the number of older adults who eat alone has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Older adults who eat alone tend to experience weight fluctuations. Weight loss and underweight in older adults cause health problems. The study objective was to longitudinally investigate the association between changes in eating alone or with others and body weight status in older adults. ⋯ These findings suggest that measures to prevent weight loss in older adults who eat alone are particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Observational Study
Muscle changes on muscle ultrasound and adverse outcomes in acute hospitalized older adults.
Muscle ultrasound is a non-invasive technique that enables identification of the quantity and quality of muscle tissue. It has been used not only for diagnosis of sarcopenia but also for prediction of outcomes in clinical practice. There is now increasing awareness that muscle changes detected during acute hospitalization indicate acute sarcopenia leading to worse outcomes. However, to our knowledge, few studies have investigated this in hospitalized older adults. The aim of this study was to determine whether muscle changes on muscle ultrasound can predict poor outcomes in acute hospitalized older adults. ⋯ Acute muscle changes on muscle ultrasound were not associated with mortality, ADL decline, or hospital-associated complications in acute hospitalized older adults. More research in various settings is needed to clarify the value of muscle ultrasound in clinical practice.
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Due to the increased prevalence of obesity in the world, bariatric surgeries are on the rise and necessitate life-long surveillance for deficiencies; hence the recommended vitamin supplementation in these patients. However, inadequate multivitamin supplementation may induce vitamin B6 overload. ⋯ Pyridoxin overload is not possible through food-derived pyridoxin; hence, combined with the fact that most vitamin supplements contain vitamin B6, inadequate vitamin supplementation is likely the cause of the observed increase in overdoses. High doses of vitamin B6 can induce polyneuropathy, particularly targeting motor neurons; thus, the increase of overdoses is worrying. In light of the possible risks and the ease with which these could be averted (better formulation of supplements), the precaution principle requires a definition of clear guidelines for vitamin supplementation, especially in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.