Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Acute intake of fructooligosaccharide and partially hydrolyzed guar gum on gastrointestinal transit: A randomized crossover clinical trial.
Dietary fibers, such as fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) have several gastrointestinal functions. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of acute ingestion of FOS and PHGG on the percentage of gastric emptying and small intestinal transit and to evaluate the effect of these dietary fibers on the levels of intestinal hormones-active glucagon-like peptide-1, pancreatic polypeptide, and gastric inhibitory peptide-and their effect on feelings of hunger and satiety and the desire to eat. ⋯ The acute intake of FOS increased gastric emptying, whereas both FOS and PHGG reduced small intestine transit without altering the levels of intestinal hormones, hunger feelings and satiety, or the desire to eat.
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Due to the increased prevalence of obesity in the world, bariatric surgeries are on the rise and necessitate life-long surveillance for deficiencies; hence the recommended vitamin supplementation in these patients. However, inadequate multivitamin supplementation may induce vitamin B6 overload. ⋯ Pyridoxin overload is not possible through food-derived pyridoxin; hence, combined with the fact that most vitamin supplements contain vitamin B6, inadequate vitamin supplementation is likely the cause of the observed increase in overdoses. High doses of vitamin B6 can induce polyneuropathy, particularly targeting motor neurons; thus, the increase of overdoses is worrying. In light of the possible risks and the ease with which these could be averted (better formulation of supplements), the precaution principle requires a definition of clear guidelines for vitamin supplementation, especially in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
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Nutrition labels advise consumers about the nutritional value of packaged foods and their contribution to the overall composition of the diet. They have been proposed as an instrument for the promotion of healthy diets and as a fundamental tool in the prevention of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). ⋯ Although nutrition science investigates individual foods or nutrients, when communicating to the public most of the significant evidence of the favorable health effect largely depends on dietary patterns and not on a single food component or individual nutrient. Therefore, we suggest that a new tool based on positive communication should be developed and implemented to highlight the importance of the diet as a complex matrix.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Dietary recommendations for fasting days in an alternate-day intermittent fasting pattern: A randomized controlled trial.
The aims of this study were to explore the safety and effectiveness of alternate-day fasting in Chinese people and to compare weight loss outcomes and safety when consuming a high-protein (HP) versus a normal protein (NP) diet versus a nutritional meal replacement (MR) on fasting days. ⋯ ADF is an effective, short-term weight loss strategy that was tolerated by most Chinese participants. We suggest that dietary patterns during fasting days is less important, and that calorie restriction during those days should be the focus.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Relationship between nutritional treatment compliance and nutritional status improvements in patients with gastrointestinal impairment taking an oral peptide-based supplement.
Compliance in outpatients with gastrointestinal (GI) malabsorption is key in nutritional treatment. The objective of this study was to assess compliance in patients with GI impairment and malnutrition taking a high-calorie, high-protein, peptide-based oral nutritional supplement (ONS-PBD). ⋯ These data show that ONS-PBD compliance in malnourished patients with GI symptoms is high, reducing GI symptoms and improving patients' nutritional status.