Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses to breads formulated with different wheat evolutionary populations (Triticum aestivum L.): A randomized controlled trial on healthy subjects.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of breads made with two different wheat evolutionary populations (EPs), compared with a modern variety, on postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses. A randomized controlled crossover postprandial study involving 12 healthy subjects was conducted. Seven non-commercial breads produced with flours from two different bread wheat (T. aestivum L.) EPs (Bio2, ICARDA) and a modern bread wheat variety (Bologna) were considered controls, with two different bread-making processes (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and sourdough), and were specifically formulated for the study. ⋯ The comparison of incremental curves, IAUC, and maximum postprandial peaks after consumption of breads formulated with EPs and control breads showed no differences among samples. Neither the flour nor the leavening technic used for the baking were effective in inducing a different postprandial response compared with the Bologna variety. EPs, being characterized by higher degree of crop genetic diversity, may have a relevant agronomic role to guarantee good and stable yields and quality under low input management in a changing climate; however, future studies are needed to better investigate their potential positive effect on human health.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of dietary assessment methods in randomized controlled trials focusing on individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and its impact on the favorability of conclusions. ⋯ The poor quality of dietary assessment in clinical trials casts uncertainty on the dietary outcomes and the validity of possible causal mechanisms. Attention to the accuracy and reliability of dietary assessment methods is indicated.
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With the global rise in obesity and the metabolic syndrome, double diabetes is increasingly prevalent in patients with type 1 diabetes. This review investigated the effects of diet on weight management and metabolic outcomes in patients with double diabetes. MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, and Web of Science databases were searched through September 2020. ⋯ Dietary interventions in published data failed to demonstrate effects on metabolic syndrome. Larger sample, high-quality trials conducted over longer periods are urgently required to determine the efficacy of diet for weight management and improving metabolic outcomes in individuals with double diabetes. This would provide much needed evidence-based guidance for dietary interventions, which are well known to be the cornerstone of clinical care.
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This study aimed to identify determinant factors of stunting and wasting in street children ages 5 to 18 y in Northwest Ethiopia. ⋯ Stunting and wasting were found to be critical problems in street children. Age, loss of appetite, and substance use were significantly associated with stunting, whereas child age, illness, and open defecation practice were significantly associated with wasting. Thus, tailored nutritional interventions are urgently required in this population to improve their nutritional status.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Association of the fat-free mass index with mortality in patients with cancer: A multicenter observational study.
Low fat-free mass index (FFMI) has been related to a higher mortality in community populations. However, information on the relationship between FFMI and mortality is lacking for patients with cancer. The objective of this study was to examine the association between FFMI and all-cause mortality in Chinese cancer patients. ⋯ A low FFMI score was associated with all-cause mortality in patients with cancer, especially for elder adults with cancer. These results highlight the usefulness of the FFMI for routine clinical assessment and prognostic estimation in patients with cancer.