Nutrition
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Association of the fat-free mass index with mortality in patients with cancer: A multicenter observational study.
Low fat-free mass index (FFMI) has been related to a higher mortality in community populations. However, information on the relationship between FFMI and mortality is lacking for patients with cancer. The objective of this study was to examine the association between FFMI and all-cause mortality in Chinese cancer patients. ⋯ A low FFMI score was associated with all-cause mortality in patients with cancer, especially for elder adults with cancer. These results highlight the usefulness of the FFMI for routine clinical assessment and prognostic estimation in patients with cancer.
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This study evaluates the safety and feasibility of a normocaloric ketogenic diet (KD) in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) for reducing hyperexcitability levels and modulating neuroinflammation. ⋯ Adequate caloric intake is essential in ALS, because insufficient intake induces loss of body mass. We hope that the proposed study will provide a positive result in terms of the safety and feasibility of a KD in people ALS, with the purpose of developing a patient-centered diet program to limit disease progression and possibly improve survival.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Clinical application of protein-enhanced diet using mealworms in patients undergoing hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery.
Patients with or without cancers who undergo major gastrointestinal surgery experience malnutrition owing to their catabolic status during the postoperative period. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the clinical application of protein-enhanced diet using mealworms in patients who underwent hepato-pancreato-biliary surgeries. ⋯ In this study, protein-enhanced diet using mealworms clinically improved the activity of immune cells. However, it did not significantly improve the patients' nutritional status after they experienced hepato-pancreato-biliary surgeries.
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Normal weight obesity (NWO) is defined as a condition of normal body weight, but with high body fat percentage. Clinical and immunologic implications of NWO in persons living with HIV (PLHIV) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to examine NWO prevalence and its associations with metabolic and immunologic measurements in a cohort of PLHIV on antiretroviral treatment (ART). ⋯ NWO was frequent in a cohort of Mexican PLHIV on ART and was associated with lower muscle mass, hypercholesterolemia, lower CD4+ T-cell percentage, and lower CD4/CD8 ratio. The incorporation of body fat measurements in the regular physical examination of PLHIV could contribute to early identification of the NWO condition and lead to better management of possible long-term morbidity.
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It has been suggested that circulating fatty acids (FAs) take part in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children with obesity. The aims of this study were to evaluate the serum FA concentration in this pediatric population. ⋯ Data from the present study do support the hypothesis that FAs are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in children with obesity.