Nutrition
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Esophageal cancer (EC) has become one of the most alarming cancers in the world. There are significant differences in incidence and risk factors associated with the two most common histological subtypes of EC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma, between regions. This systematic review was undertaken to analyze dietary risk factors specific to EC and its two subtypes based on World Health Organization regions. ⋯ EC risk factors extend beyond those previously identified. Targeting all EC risk factors by region will assist the World Health Organization and other health agencies in providing a tailored, culturally appropriate response to effectively reduce the incidence and prevalence of EC within a region.
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The aim of this study was to compare the performance of five sarcopenia screening tools in preoperative patients with gastric cancer, including strength, assistance with walking, rise from a chair, climb stairs, and falls; strength, assistance with walking, rise from a chair, climb stairs, falls, and calf circumference (SARC-CalF); Ishii score chart; short version of the mini sarcopenia risk assessment; and full version of the mini sarcopenia risk assessment. ⋯ Among the above five screening tools, SARC-CalF appeared to be the optimal choice to screen sarcopenia in preoperative patients with gastric cancer.
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Young adults are often faced with barriers to cooking their own food. These barriers are associated with poor diet. The aim of this study was to explore the factor structure of the Brazilian Cooking Skills and Healthy Eating Questionnaire (BCSQ) to identify the barriers to cooking, use, and consumption of fruits and vegetables by young adults. ⋯ These results enabled us to shorten the BCSQ, which can be used to evaluate the barriers to cooking among young adults, as well as measuring their healthy eating practices, supporting future research and programs.
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We aimed to establish reference intervals for water-soluble vitamins determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to improve the diagnosis of vitamin deficiency and outcomes of associated conditions. ⋯ For values obtained using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, the lower limits of reference intervals for vitamins B1 (ages 15-100 y), B2, B3, B7, and C should be lowered, that of vitamin B5 should be raised, and the upper limits of reference intervals for vitamins B1, B3, B5, B6, and B7 should be lowered.
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Observational Study
Micronutrient intake from enteral nutrition in critically ill adult patients: A retrospective observational study.
The objective of this study was to determine the intake of micronutrients including vitamins B12, D, C, and A; folate; thiamine; iron; zinc; and selenium that are delivered from enteral nutrition (EN) during routine clinical practice in critically ill adults, expressed as a percentage of the Australia and New Zealand nutrient reference values. ⋯ EN delivery met the recommended intake for four micronutrients, did not meet the recommended intake for five micronutrients, and did not exceed the upper level of intake for any micronutrient when approximately 50% energy adequacy was achieved types.