Nutrition
-
Type 2 diabetes control occurs within a few days after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and might be related to intestinal adaptation to the new anatomic arrangement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal transcriptome response to RYGB and its correlation with markers of glycemic homeostasis. ⋯ In obese women, complete remission of T2D after RYGB might include intestinal transcriptomic changes that suggest a potential role of intracellular cholesterol and lipid homeostasis on glucose control.
-
Overnutrition is a poor dietary habit that has been correlated with increased health risks, especially in the developed world. This leads to an imbalance between energy storage and energy breakdown. Many biochemical processes involving hormones are involved in conveying the excess of energy into pathologic states, mainly atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. ⋯ In parallel, important effects of diets on the immune system are explored as essential components that can undermine the overall health outcome. Additionally, the subtle but relevant relation between diet and sleep is investigated for its impact on the cardiovascular system and quality of life. The aim of this review is to focus on how calorie restriction triggers multiple molecular pathways that ultimately lead to hormetic effects resulting in cell longevity and resistance to cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer.
-
Review Meta Analysis
Meta-analysis Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load intake, and risk for lung cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies.
This meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and lung cancer risk, which has been controversial in previous studies. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies from inception to October 2021 in English only. We included case-control and cohort studies that reported relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between dietary GI or GL intake and lung cancer risk. ⋯ A linear association between GI intake and lung cancer risk was observed. The present meta-analysis suggests that high dietary GI intake is associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer in a linear fashion. However, no significant association was observed between GL and lung cancer risk.
-
The most common causes of morbidity and mortality are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are typically associated with stress, insufficient exercise, poor diet, and overweight. CVDs can be prevented by modifying certain risk factors, such as cholesterol and blood sugar levels and body weight. Natural sugars from fruits and honey have long been part of the human diet. ⋯ Additionally, the concentrations of the bioactive components of stevia leaves have no clear correlation with their biological properties, especially in human models. Therefore, future research should be focused on in vivo studies evaluating the effects of regular consumption of stevia products on the cardiovascular system and CVD risk factors, both in healthy individuals and those with diabetes. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of action behind the functional effects of stevia preparations, including those of two major secondary metabolites: stevioside and rebaudioside A.
-
Globally, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, including among pregnant women, has substantially increased in the past three decades. This has been fueled by, among other factors, an increase in the consumption of high energy-dense foods and a decrease in physical activity. Additionally, global prevalence of anemia among pregnant women remains a public health concern. ⋯ Yet current knowledge in this field, including prevalence rates, risk factors, and health consequences for mother and offspring being exposed to these conditions, is staggeringly sparse. In this review we describe the current evidence on prevalence rates, risk factors, and effects for mother and offspring regarding coexistence of overweight/obesity and anaemia in pregnant women based on a systematic literature search. We also highlight research gaps and suggest avenues for future research.