Nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis
Meta-analysis Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load intake, and risk for lung cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies.
This meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and lung cancer risk, which has been controversial in previous studies. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies from inception to October 2021 in English only. We included case-control and cohort studies that reported relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between dietary GI or GL intake and lung cancer risk. ⋯ A linear association between GI intake and lung cancer risk was observed. The present meta-analysis suggests that high dietary GI intake is associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer in a linear fashion. However, no significant association was observed between GL and lung cancer risk.
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Multicenter Study
Comparative assessment of abdominal and thigh muscle characteristics using CT-derived images.
The aim of this study was to compare the assessment of skeletal muscle area (SMA in cm²), skeletal muscle index (SMI in cm²/m²), and skeletal muscle density (SMD in HU) between third lumbar vertebra (L3) and thigh landmarks, and the agreement in diagnosing low muscle mass and low SMD (L3 as the reference method). ⋯ Muscle characteristics between L3and thigh landmarks have a strong correlation. This suggests that images of the thigh can be used to characterize muscle characteristics. Image acquisition and analysis of thigh region is simpler, with less radiation exposure, and consequently more appropriate for longitudinal analysis.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of combined magnesium and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status, systemic inflammation, and blood pressure: A randomized double-blinded controlled trial.
Poor vitamin D and magnesium status is observed in individuals who are overweight and obese (Owt/Ob) and is often associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease. Magnesium is a cofactor that assists vitamin D metabolism. We aimed to determine the efficacy of a combined magnesium and vitamin D regimen compared with vitamin D only on increasing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations and the effects of these supplements on cardiometabolic outcomes. ⋯ A combined MagD treatment may be more effective in increasing serum 25OHD concentrations compared with VitD supplementation alone in Owt/Ob individuals.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Reference values of low body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, and calf circumference in cancer patients: A nationwide multicenter observational study.
Anthropometric measurements including body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and calf circumference (CC) are simple and convenient indicators of nutritional status and muscle mass. However, most of their reference values come from studies based on healthy Western populations. The optimal reference values of these anthropometric factors in Asian patients with cancer are unclear. The aim of this study was to develop reference values of severely and moderately low BMI, MUAC, and CC by analyzing a large sample of patients with cancer from a nationwide population. ⋯ The present study defined reference values of moderately and severely low BMI, MUAC, and CC, which showed strong associations with quality of life, malnutrition, and mortality risk. New reference values from the present study are classification references specifically for the Asian population, which is a new step to promote the application of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria and its severity grading system in Asia.
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The most common causes of morbidity and mortality are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are typically associated with stress, insufficient exercise, poor diet, and overweight. CVDs can be prevented by modifying certain risk factors, such as cholesterol and blood sugar levels and body weight. Natural sugars from fruits and honey have long been part of the human diet. ⋯ Additionally, the concentrations of the bioactive components of stevia leaves have no clear correlation with their biological properties, especially in human models. Therefore, future research should be focused on in vivo studies evaluating the effects of regular consumption of stevia products on the cardiovascular system and CVD risk factors, both in healthy individuals and those with diabetes. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of action behind the functional effects of stevia preparations, including those of two major secondary metabolites: stevioside and rebaudioside A.