Nutrition
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Multicenter Study
Comparative assessment of abdominal and thigh muscle characteristics using CT-derived images.
The aim of this study was to compare the assessment of skeletal muscle area (SMA in cm²), skeletal muscle index (SMI in cm²/m²), and skeletal muscle density (SMD in HU) between third lumbar vertebra (L3) and thigh landmarks, and the agreement in diagnosing low muscle mass and low SMD (L3 as the reference method). ⋯ Muscle characteristics between L3and thigh landmarks have a strong correlation. This suggests that images of the thigh can be used to characterize muscle characteristics. Image acquisition and analysis of thigh region is simpler, with less radiation exposure, and consequently more appropriate for longitudinal analysis.
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Multicenter Study
Central body fat deposits are associated with poor vitamin D status in Chinese children and adolescents.
To examine the association between regional fat deposits and vitamin D levels in Chinese children. Whether regional fat distribution contributes to vitamin D deficiency remains uncertain. ⋯ Regional fat deposits were associated with vitamin D status in Chinese school-aged children and more pronounced among boys.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of combined magnesium and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status, systemic inflammation, and blood pressure: A randomized double-blinded controlled trial.
Poor vitamin D and magnesium status is observed in individuals who are overweight and obese (Owt/Ob) and is often associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease. Magnesium is a cofactor that assists vitamin D metabolism. We aimed to determine the efficacy of a combined magnesium and vitamin D regimen compared with vitamin D only on increasing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations and the effects of these supplements on cardiometabolic outcomes. ⋯ A combined MagD treatment may be more effective in increasing serum 25OHD concentrations compared with VitD supplementation alone in Owt/Ob individuals.
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Indirect calorimetry is the recommended, most accurate way to measure resting energy expenditure (REE) in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients. We tested the agreement of two systems: the Mindray metabolic system (the system to be validated) and the GE S/5 metabolic system (the reference system). We also compared the measurements obtained to commonly used predictive equations. ⋯ The Mindray metabolic system, compared to the GE S/5 metabolic system (the reference method used), measured REE with a mean difference of 12.6%. The Mindray-measured REE was within an error limit we defined a priori.
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Aging is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation contributing to a decline in lung performance. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) has been introduced to evaluate the inflammatory potential of different diets, which may further affect individuals' respiratory function. This study investigates the association between DII and lung performance in older adults. ⋯ Pro-inflammatory diets may affect lung function in fit older people, and this effect may be exacerbated in overweight or obese individuals.