Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Water supplementation affects the fluid intake and serum levels of BDNF among the elderly nursing home residents.
The link between dehydration and fluid intake with brain function in elderly individuals has produced conflicting findings. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of water supplementation on fluid intake, cognitive and motor performance, and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in euhydrated and dehydrated elderly. ⋯ The present study demonstrated that 7 d of water supplementation increased the water and the total fluid intake in elderly individuals regardless of dehydration status. Serum BDNF levels increased during dehydration and reverted to physiologic levels after appropriate rehydration.
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Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) is a rare and severe imaging manifestation for surgeons, and it may require emergency surgery. We report an unusual case of HPVG in association with the drip rate of enteral nutrition (EN) after laparoscopic-assisted radical total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. A 66-year-old woman with gastric cancer was admitted to our hospital. ⋯ Hepatic portal venous gas and pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) were discovered subsequently. Early detection and timely effective intervention eventually and completely cured the patient; meanwhile, we avoided unnecessary exploratory laparotomy. Hepatic portal venous gas and PI after radical total gastrectomy can be cured with careful conservative management; the drip rate of EN should be tightly controlled and monitored during treatment after radical total gastrectomy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Applied nutritional investigationEffects of acute arginine supplementation on neuroendocrine, metabolic, cardiovascular, and mood outcomes in younger men: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Arginine is an amino-acid supplement and precursor for nitric-oxide synthesis, which affects various biologic processes. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of arginine supplementation on growth hormone (GH) and metabolic parameters. ⋯ Arginine supplementation modestly increased GH, glucose, and TSH levels in younger men. Responders had higher benzoate metabolites and an unknown analyte attributed to the gut microbiome. Future studies should examine whether the increased prevalence of these gut microorganisms corresponds with GH response after arginine supplementation.
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Review Meta Analysis
Prevalence and prognostic value of sarcopenic obesity in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to estimate the overall prevalence and prognostic value of sarcopenic obesity (SO) in patients with cancer. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library for observational studies reporting the prevalence of SO and its prognosis in patients with cancer from inception to December 2020. The pooled prevalence, hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of data extracted from the studies were calculated. ⋯ Current limited evidence suggested that SO may be associated with poor cancer-specific survival (HR, 5.00; 95% CI, 1.40-16.70), but not progression-free survival (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.32-1.16). The present review indicated SO is common in patients with cancer and is significantly associated with several poor outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose and screen for SO in patients with cancer in the future, and appropriate interventions should be further explored to improve the prognosis of cancer patients.
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The present study aimed to identify associations between extremes in body weight status (underweight and excess body weight) before a COVID-19 diagnosis and clinical outcomes in patients infected with SARS coronavirus type 2. ⋯ Being underweight and excess body weight were not independently associated with clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 in the herein analyzed cohort. This finding indicates that the association between these variables may be confounded by both age and comorbidities.