Nutrition
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Case Reports
Successful therapy for congenital sodium diarrhea by enteral management: A case report.
Congenital sodium diarrhea (CSD) is a rare disorder causing electrolyte imbalances due to excessive diarrhea. In pediatric literature, common practice for treating CSD includes parenteral nutrition (PN) for fluid, nutrient, and electrolyte support through the first year of the patient's life. The aim of this study was to report a neonate who showed common symptoms of CSD, including a distended abdomen, large amounts of clear, yellow fluid draining from the rectum, dehydration, and electrolyte abnormalities. ⋯ This case demonstrated the ability to maintain electrolyte levels in a patient through enteral means while avoiding long-term use of intravenous access.
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Wasting in cancer patients has long been recognized as a condition that adversely affects cancer patients' quality of life, treatment tolerance, and oncological outcomes. Historically, this condition was mainly evaluated by changes in body weight. However, this approach is not quite accurate because body weight is the overall change of all body compartments. ⋯ Changes in body composition assessment in cancer patients have historically been underappreciated because of the limited availability of measurement tools. As more evidence highlighting the importance of body composition has emerged, it is imperative to apply a more precise evaluation of nutritional status and a more targeted approach to provide nutritional support for cancer patients. In this review, we will discuss the modalities for evaluating body composition and how to manage body composition changes in cancer patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Multispecies probiotic affects fecal short-chain fatty acids in postmenopausal women with obesity: A post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Probiotics are known to regulate host metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess whether interventions with a multi-strain probiotic formula affect fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). ⋯ Assessing long-term health benefits requires further research, including assessment of blood SCFA concentrations and multiomic and mechanistic approaches.
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Review
The role of the Mediterranean diet in modulating the gut microbiome: A review of current evidence.
The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is recognized as one of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Intangible Cultural Heritage assets associated with lower rates of cardiometabolic diseases; lower prevalence of cancer, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and onset of inflammatory bowel disease; and more generally low-grade inflammation and mortality risks. Beyond being an input source of beneficial micronutrients, it recently has been discovered that the MedDiet plays a role in a more complex human microbiome-mediated mechanism. An interesting hypothesis suggests a bidirectional relationship between the MedDiet and the gut microbiome, where gut microbiota assembly and biosynthetic capacity are responsive to the diet; in return, the microbiome-reachable nutrients shape and modulate the microbiome toward a characteristic probiotic state. ⋯ As more detailed omic-based studies take place, more evidence on the MedDiet as a core generic probiotic microbiome modulation strategy surface. However, individual-specific microbiome compositions might impose personal variations on the diet outcome. Therefore, a prospective strategy of a fine-tuned precision nutrition approach might deliver optimized benefits of the MedDiet.