Nutrition
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Childhood obesity is a global health problem that affects millions of children and causes obesity-related adverse health outcomes in both childhood and adulthood. Although body mass index (BMI) z scores and percentiles are used in the diagnosis of obesity in children, it has been emphasized in recent years that the triponderal mass index (TMI) may be more accurate for this purpose. We aimed to compare TMI with BMI in the diagnosis of obesity in Turkish children and adolescents. ⋯ TMI can be used to diagnose obesity in Turkish children and adolescents in both boys and girls similarly and with good performance. The correlation with BF% and stability of TMI makes this index more advantageous. However, it should be noted that the performance of each of the 3 indices is very close to that of the others, and adjustments should be made according to age and sex.
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The aim of this study is to develop predictive body fat mass models, one for newborns and one for infants, using air displacement plethysmography as a reference method. ⋯ This work determined equations to estimate the BFM of term newborns and infants. The models can be used in clinical practice, especially in health units without access to technologies for measuring body composition, adding important information for nutritional monitoring.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Multispecies probiotic affects fecal short-chain fatty acids in postmenopausal women with obesity: A post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Probiotics are known to regulate host metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess whether interventions with a multi-strain probiotic formula affect fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). ⋯ Assessing long-term health benefits requires further research, including assessment of blood SCFA concentrations and multiomic and mechanistic approaches.
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The ketogenic diet (KD) is recommended to improve polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); however, its mechanisms of action are unclear. We aimed to study the effects and mechanisms of action of the KD on the gut microbiome and metabolites in PCOS rats and determine whether the sex hormone regulatory effects are related to modulations of the gut microbiota and metabolites. ⋯ The KD improved the clinical phenotype and insulin resistance in PCOS rats and altered the composition of the gut microbiome and metabolites, which were associated with androgen metabolism, representing a potential mechanism for mediating the effects of the KD on sex hormone metabolism in PCOS. However, our study found contradictory effects of KD on the gut microbiome in PCOS, which need further research.
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This study was performed to assess the effects of long-term intake of a very high carbohydrate (VHCHO) diet (76% of total energy from carbohydrate [CHO]) on whole-body glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin resistance. ⋯ The results of the present study suggest that long-term intake of a VHCHO diet exerts differential effects on whole-body glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin resistance.