Nutrition
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Frailty is a geriatric syndrome associated with adverse outcomes. Malnutrition and sarcopenia are conditions intertwined with frailty. Phase angle (PhA), used to evaluate nutritional status and sarcopenia, shows the cell membrane integrity and is closely related to clinical outcomes and mortality in many chronic conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PhA and frailty in community-dwelling older adults. ⋯ PhA calculated with bioelectrical impedance analysis was significantly associated with frailty. Further research with large samples is needed to determine whether PhA demonstrates potential utility as a biomarker for frailty.
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Obesity is a multifactorial condition associated with metabolic alterations that can be aggravated during female aging. Calorie restriction via intermittent fasting (IF) diets may reduce body weight and therefore have the potential to decrease obesity and associated comorbidities, such as insulin resistance. This study investigated the effects of two IF protocols, alternate-day fasting (ADF) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) in middle-aged obese female rats. ⋯ Although ADF and TRF protocols resulted in a reduction of body weight and body mass index, these dietary interventions did not promote health benefits, such as reducing blood lipid profile, adiposity, and insulin resistance. In addition, ADF and TRF increased inflammatory biomarkers, which may increase the risk of obesity-associated comorbidities.
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Menopause and vitamin D deficiency increase bone reabsorption and bone fracture risk in women in postmenopause, and vitamin D supplementation may improve bone health and decrease bone fracture risk. This study aims to discuss the effect of vitamin D supplementation, isolated or calcium-associated, on remodeling and fracture risk bone in women in postmenopause without osteoporosis. This study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO database registration: CRD42022359796). ⋯ Additionally, 15 000 IU/wk increased the cortical area of metacarpal bone, whereas 500 000 IU of vitamin D annually for 5 y did not contribute to reducing the fracture risk and falls. Only one study found a reduction in fracture risk (dose of 800 IU of vitamin D plus 1200 mg of calcium). Thus, the vitamin D supplementation, alone or calcium-associated, improved the status of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone remodeling, but it was not possible to assert that it reduced fracture bone risk in postmenopausal women.
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Obesity is a chronic state of excessive fat accumulation in the body, characterized by significant relapse and complicated by a range of health consequences. In the treatment of obesity, a holistic approach including diet, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, and psychological support is recommended. ⋯ It is also unclear whether using probiotics or synbiotics accompanied by weight loss dietary interventions or as a part of bariatric surgery will be more effective in obesity management, not only in the short-term but also for long-term weight loss maintenance. The aim of this study was to collect and compare the available scientific data on the effectiveness of probiotic or synbiotic supplementation (as a single therapy versus as part of dietary interventions, pharmacotherapy, or bariatric therapy) on weight control in obesity.
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Multicenter Study
Body composition in healthy singleton term infants using the three-dimensional photonic scanning method: A multicenter cross-sectional study.
Body composition is an integral part of the nutritional assessment during infancy as it is closely related to future health. The three-dimensional photonic body surface scanning (3-DPS) method is a promising new technique for measuring body composition in children because of its advantages of easy operation, low cost, and no exposure to radiation. Using 3-DPS, this study aimed to illustrate the growth trajectories of body composition indicators during infancy according to sex and age. ⋯ The body composition of healthy singleton term infants during infancy varies with age; boys may have more FM accumulation than girls.