Nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis
Changes in energy, macronutrient, and food consumption in 47 countries over the last 70 years (1950-2019): a systematic review and meta-analysis.
We aimed to systematically examine trends in dietary energy, macronutrient, and food consumption in different geographic regions. ⋯ Our findings indicate regional variations in dietary trends and identify countries that would benefit from nutritional policies aimed at decreasing lower-quality carbohydrate foods and increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and dairy.
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Experimental studies under laboratory conditions have shown a close link between acute sleep restriction and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a single night of moderate sleep restriction implemented under ambulatory settings on sleep organization, food intake, blood pressure, and heart rate in overweight young adults. ⋯ An acute moderate at-home sleep restriction exacerbated food intake and feelings of hunger, and impaired blood pressure and heart rate regulation in young, overweight adults.
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Obesity is characterized not only by an increase of fat mass but also by alterations in skeletal muscle. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA)-derived phase angle (PhA) may provide specific information on the inherent characteristics of fat-free mass, and is widely used as an index of poor nutritional status. The aim of this study was to describe whether and to what extent PhA varies depending on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) in individuals with different weight status. ⋯ A more detailed appraisal of BIA-derived PhA in obesity is reported in the present study, providing basic data that might be taken into consideration in prevention and clinical nutrition. Further studies are needed to explore differences of PhA in individuals with different weight status.
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The proper intake of nutrients is essential to the growth and maturation of youngsters. In sub-Saharan Africa, 1 in 7 children dies before age 5 y, and more than a third of these deaths are attributed to malnutrition. The main purpose of this study was to develop a majority voting-based hybrid ensemble (MVBHE) learning model to accelerate the prediction accuracy of malnutrition data of under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. ⋯ The random forest algorithm demonstrated the highest prediction accuracy (81%) compared with the decision tree, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, and k-nearest neighbors algorithms. The accuracy was then enhanced to 96% using the MVBHE model. The MVBHE model is recommended by the present study as the best way to predict malnutrition in under-five children.
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Review Meta Analysis
Efficacy and acceptability of vitamin D supplements for depressed patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the evidence from randomized controlled trials comparing vitamin D and placebo in reducing depressive symptoms and contributing to all-cause dropout rates. ⋯ Heterogeneous data suggested that vitamin D supplements are effective and safe for depressed patients.