Nutrition
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Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an early marker of vascular damage linked to the loss of integrity of the endothelial lining and represents a key step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). ED may be reversible, hence the development and testing of effective early interventions could be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. ⋯ We hypothesize that the co-consumption of NO3- with vitamin C, which is a potent antioxidant, could enhance the "yield" of NO produced from a given NO3- dose byThis could translate into greater NO-dependent effects on endothelial function (EF) and overall vascular health (than may be experienced with NO3- supplementation alone). This review presents evidence to suggest that the combination of vitamin C and dietary nitrate could represent a promising and effective approach to improve EF and reduce CVD risk, and discuss opportunities for future research.
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Dietary patterns may have a greater influence on human health than individual foods or nutrients, and they are also of substantial interest in the field of breast cancer prevention. Beyond the adequate balance of macronutrients, evidence indicates that the quality of macronutrient sources may play an important role in health outcomes. We sought to examine the relationship between healthful and unhealthful low-fat dietary patterns in relation to breast cancer. ⋯ In conclusion, no clear associations were observed, although more research is needed to address the association between an unhealthful dietary pattern and postmenopausal breast cancer risk.
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This study aimed to verify the performance of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS) using three different criteria in healthy individuals living in rural areas. In addition, it aimed to estimate the TyG index cutoff point in the prediction of MetS. ⋯ The TyG index proved to be valid for diagnosing MetS. The largest AUC of the TyG index was identified for the harmonized criteria. Thus, the TyG index can be used to diagnose MetS in individuals living in rural areas.
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The aim of this study is to assess the changes in body mass index and waist circumference (WC) and their associations with sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics in non-institutionalized older people in southern Brazil over a period of ≤6 y. ⋯ Despite the high proportion of older people who kept their body mass index and WC stable during this period, many of them lost body mass and gained WC. The findings also highlighted the importance of age in the nutritional changes observed in the population.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate whether low skeletal muscle mass before initial treatment is an independent prognostic factor defining overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients diagnosed with stage III cervical cancer. ⋯ A low pretreatment SMI is an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients diagnosed with stage III cervical cancer and treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.