Nutrition
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The effect of dietary diversity and eating behavior on attention, and concentration among children lacking in resources is unclear. We aim to investigate the association between dietary diversity, eating behavior, and cognitive abilities among economically disadvantaged children at high risk of cognitive impairment. ⋯ Enhancing dietary diversity and reducing unfavorable food intake may improve cognitive performance in socioeconomically disadvantaged children.
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The profiles of intensive care cnit (ICU) critically ill inpatients differ from those of other hospitalized patients, since organ dysfunction is a factor that increases the risk for Refeeding Syndrome (RS) development. It is important to understand the influence of feeding methods and caloric intake on mortality and RS incidence among critically ill adult inpatients. A systematic search, following PRISMA guidelines and protocol for systematic reviews, was conducted for interventional and experimental studies analyzing RS occurrence in adults admitted to ICUs. ⋯ Enteral feeding was the most used method, and, in general, progression of caloric intake did not follow the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) or National Institute of Health and Care (NICE) recommendations for RS. In majority, data collection period of studies was less than 7 days; RS was observed in up to 52.5% of patients, and related mortality varied between 15.6 and 83.3%. Due to weak level of evidence and high heterogeneity found within reviewed studies, it is not possible to determine a robust recommendation as to what would be the best and safest feeding method and caloric progression protocol for patients at risk for developing RS.
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Assessment of malnutrition-related muscle depletion with computed tomography (CT) using skeletal muscle index (SMI) and muscle radiation attenuation (MRA) at the third lumbar vertebra is well validated. However, SMI and MRA values at other vertebral locations and interchangeability as parameters in different types of cancer are less known. We aimed to investigate whether adult patients with different types of cancer show differences in SMI and MRA at all vertebral levels. ⋯ SMI, but not MRA, was lower in HNC/EC/LC patients than in ME patients at most vertebral levels. This indicates that low muscle mass presents itself across the various vertebral muscle areas. MRA may less consistently mark muscle depletion in malnourished patients.