Nutrition
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Cases of association between celiac disease and wheat allergy have been described in the literature. However, to date, no reported cases have linked celiac disease with wheat food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). We report a case of this association. ⋯ It has been hypothesized that exclusion diets in food-allergic children may lead to an increase in specific immunoglobulin E levels for those foods and, consequently, the risk of anaphylaxis. However, FPIES is not an immunoglobulin E-mediated condition. Hence, further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking these 2 disorders.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and biochemical markers related to diabetes mellitus (DM): glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index from 35 454 Brazilian adolescents 12 to 17 y of age. ⋯ This study showed that the traditional Brazilian pattern was inversely associated with blood glucose and HbA1c values in girls. Furthermore, the data suggest that there is an important difference between boys and girls in the association of dietary patterns and the markers used.
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Recently, the high prevalence of young Japanese individuals who are underweight has received attention because of the potential risk for sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of sarcopenia in Japanese youth. ⋯ First-year university students showed a high incidence of being underweight with low SMI and/or weak HGS, but the prevalence of sarcopenia was low in both sexes. There may be sex differences in factors related to muscle mass and strength, but further research is needed to clarify this.
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The relationship between food allergies and vitamin B12 deficiency in young children remains unclear despite extensive studies on the nutritional status of affected children. The aim of this study was to compare vitamin B12 levels in children with recently diagnosed food allergies and healthy children ages 0 to 36 mo. ⋯ Food-allergic children ages 0 to 36 mo were at higher risk for vitamin B12 deficiency. Formula feeding had a protective effect, whereas allergic diseases and breastfeeding for <6 mo were risk factors. Further investigation is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms. Monitoring B12 levels and interventions are crucial for the nutritional well-being of food-allergic children.
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During the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, there had been more than 758 million COVID-19 cases as of February 13, 2023, and it is the main cause of death in many countries. Due to the variation in disease presentation, scientists determined that people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus were at higher risk of mortality. However, people living with type 1 diabetes have not been thoroughly studied, especially in extreme regions of developing countries. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic restrictions on different variables in a cohort with type 1 diabetes. ⋯ This study found that adherence to diabetes care was reduced during the pandemic owing to a variety of behavioral reasons and environmental changes (e.g., quarantines and food security). This affected this population's HbA1c levels, BMI, linear growth, and number of hospitalizations as main consequences. Telemedicine remains an important tool, but it must be reconsidered among all different age groups.