Nutrition
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
A microalgae docosahexaenoic acid supplement does not modify the influence of sex and diet on iron status in Spanish vegetarians or omnivores: A randomized placebo-controlled crossover study.
Plant-based diets are accepted as healthy, provided that are well-planned and include supplements. In this context, iron deficiency is a threat, and data from Spanish vegetarians are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine if a microalgae ω-3 supplement rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affected iron status in this population. ⋯ Spanish vegetarians had lower iron status than omnivores. Consumption of eggs and dairy products increased the risk for iron deficiency, but a microalgae DHA supplement had no effect. Dietary strategies to increase iron bioavailability in vegetarians, particularly in lacto-ovo vegetarians and women, are recommended.
-
Studies suggest that diets with a low glycemic index and high protein are favorable in aiding weight loss and improving weight maintenance; however, methods to measure dietary intake are comprehensive both for the participant and the study staff. We aimed to validate the accuracy of the dietary glycemic index and protein intake assessed through a food frequency questionnaire against a 4-d weighed food record in Danish pregnant women with obesity. ⋯ The results suggest no risk of bias between the two methods of assessment; hence, a 29-item food frequency questionnaire can be used to assess the mean glycemic index, glycemic load, and protein intake in pregnant women with obesity.
-
Observational Study
Prevalence of sports supplements consumption and its association with food choices among female elite football players.
The present study aimed to 1) investigate the consumption of Sports Supplements (SSs) among female elite football players, 2) evaluate the influence of age on SS consumption, and 3) determine the relationship between the consumption of SSs and dietary choices among elite football players. ⋯ A high prevalence of female football players consumed SSs, particularly SSs supported by robust scientific evidence. Older players had higher supplement consumption rates. The use of SSs was related to food choices through nutritional characteristics of foods, knowledge about health and nutrition, weight control with the help of food, and the performance benefits players could acquire.
-
Skeletal muscle synthesizes, stores, and releases body L-glutamine (GLN). Muscle atrophy due to disabling diseases triggers the activation of proteolytic and pro-apoptotic cell signaling, thus impairing the body's capacity to manage GLN content. This situation has a poor therapeutic prognosis. ⋯ These findings attest that oral GLN supplementation in GLN+ALA solution or DIP forms attenuates rats' skeletal muscle mass wasting caused by disuse-mediated muscle atrophy.