Nutrition
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The ketogenic diet (KD) has been reported to reverse metabolic dysfunction in obesity. However, it remains unknown how the KD affects the balance between the classical and counterregulatory renin-angiotensin system (RAS) arms in adipose tissue, which carries important implications for metabolic function in adipocytes. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the obesogenic diet and the KD on RAS balance in white and brown fat. ⋯ Despite fat depot-specific differences in RAS components, the obesogenic diet promoted the classical RAS arm, whereas the KD attenuated it and enhanced the counterregulatory arm.
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To our knowledge, evidence regarding the association of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) with the risk for stroke is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the association between an LCD and stroke in a population with relatively high-carbohydrate intake and risk for stroke and use a meta-analysis to update the evidence. ⋯ In a population consuming high levels of carbohydrates and low levels of protein and fat, a moderate level of animal-based LCD, but not plant-based LCD, was associated with a lower risk for stroke.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Antioxidant vitamin supplementation on muscle adaptations to resistance training: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
The aim of this study was to examine whether antioxidant vitamin supplementation with vitamin C (VitC) and vitamin E (VitE) affects the hypertrophic and functional adaptations to resistance training in trained men. ⋯ The data indicated that, although VitC/VitE supplementation seemed to blunt upper body strength and hypertrophy adaptations to resistance training, it could also mitigate gains in visceral adipose tissue elicited by an energy surplus.
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Sarcopenia, characterized by degenerative and systemic loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is a multifactorial syndrome commonly observed in individuals with cancer. Additionally, it represents a poor nutritional status and indicates possible presence of cancer cachexia. Recently, with the extensive application of cancer immunotherapy, the effects of sarcopenia/cachexia on cancer immunotherapy, have gained attention. ⋯ This review also discussed potential causes of the paradox, such as different measure methods, research types, muscle indicators, time point, and cancer type. Mechanically, chronic inflammation, immune cells, and microbiota may be critically involved in regulating the efficacy of immunotherapy under the condition of low muscle mass (sarcopenia/cachexia). Thus, nutritional interventions will likely be promising ways for individuals with cancer to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in the future, for low muscle mass (sarcopenia/cachexia) is an important prognostic factor for cancer immunotherapy.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Association between body mass index change and mortality in critically ill patients: A retrospective observational study.
Previous studies have emphasized the association between baseline body mass index (BMI) and mortality in patients during a stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, to our knowledge, few studies have focused on BMI change during an ICU stay. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of BMI change during ICU hospitalization. ⋯ The present study exposed the potential hazard of increasing BMI for hospital and ICU mortalities during ICU hospitalization and indicating that patients in the ICU may benefit from a more balanced nutritional strategy.