Nutrition
-
This study assesses the association of the phase angle (PhA) with the metabolic profile in adults of both sexes. ⋯ Low PhA was directly associated with grater values of the waist circumference, even after adjustments were made in the sociodemographic, lifestyle variables and body mass index; this outcome suggests that PhA is a promising cardiometabolic profile biomarker in adults.
-
Mis-reporting is common in dietary assessment, leading to misinterpretation of disease risk and could be important in older adults with increased chronic disease risk. This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of mis-reporting among older adults and its association with health outcomes including quality of life (QoL). ⋯ Dietary under-reporting was associated with being overweight, obese, and physically inactive in addition to the absence of comorbidities, reinforcing the need for further research in older adults to factor in dietary mis-reporting for meaningful diet-disease relationship analyses.
-
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged and rapidly spread worldwide. Several countries have imposed lockdown and isolation in attempt to mitigate viral spread. However, social isolation has a negative effect on psychological aspects, increasing stress, fear, anxiety, anger and emotional disturbance, as well as affecting sleep pattern and the practice of physical activity. Negative emotions and lifestyle changes trigger overeating, consequently affecting dietary practices. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of lifestyle factors (i.e., sleep time/quality and practice of physical exercise), eating behavior dimensions, chronotype, and association with dietary practices (planning, domestic organization, food choice, ways of eating) in home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo, Brazil. ⋯ Eating behavior, physical exercise, sleep, and social factors can be important predictors for dietary practices during COVID-19 social confinement. Longitudinal studies in Brazil are needed to confirm these findings.
-
The aim of this study was to investigate the gut microbiota of individuals with different metabolic phenotypes and to compare their characteristics. ⋯ We observed distinct characteristics in the gut microbiota of different metabolic phenotypes. The intestines of individuals with unhealthy phenotypes hosted inflammation-associated microbiota, with lower butyrate production potential and reduced bacterial diversity.
-
The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the validity of a short, culture-specific, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Greek dietary habits and among a population of pregnant women, and to assess the adherence of reported nutritional habits to the Mediterranean diet. ⋯ The developed FFQ is a valid tool that could provide reliable nutrient intake assessment in studies monitoring dietary habits of pregnant women, a group where nutritional monitoring is essential but to date remains limited.