Nutrition
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In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who carry the G551D mutation, treatment with ivacaftor improves lung function and weight; however, short- and long-term impacts on body composition have not been well studied. ⋯ Small gains were seen in FFM in the first month of ivacaftor treatment. Weight, BMI, and fat-mass gains in the first 6 mo on ivacaftor plateaued by 2.5 y. The metabolic and clinical consequences of weight and fat-mass gains remain to be determined.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of cacao polyphenol-rich chocolate on postprandial glycemia, insulin, and incretin secretion in healthy participants.
There is substantial interest in using dark chocolate to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia. We investigated the effects of cacao polyphenol-rich chocolate on postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses and whether cacao polyphenol-rich chocolate increases glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. ⋯ This study indicated that the intake of cacao polyphenol-rich chocolate before a 50 g OGTT could enhance early insulin and GLP-1 secretion in healthy participants, and illustrates the potential of cacao polyphenol-rich chocolate in managing postprandial glucose excursions.
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Clinical manifestations of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can include gastrointestinal signals and symptoms. Individuals with previous clinical conditions that usually enroll gut dysbiosis have been identified as being at high risk to develop more severe infectious phenotypes. Actually, intestinal dysbiosis has been observed in infected patients and potentially linked to systemic hyperinflammation. ⋯ While COVID-19's pathophysiology is not fully understood, it seems relevant to consider the interactions of candidate therapeutic drugs with the host, gut microbiota, and SARS-CoV-2. Here we summarize scientific evidence supporting the potential relevance of these interactions and suggest that unfavorable clinical data on hydroxychloroquine administration in COVID-19 may have been influenced by the dose provided and its impact on gut dysbiosis. The proposition is based on preliminary data on gut microbiota composition from individuals with inactive systemic lupus erythematosus under exclusive continuous hydroxychloroquine treatment, displaying a direct correlation between drug doses and markers typically associated with gut dysbiosis.
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Observational Study
Phase angle is associated with length of hospital stay, readmissions, mortality, and falls in patients hospitalized in internal-medicine wards: A retrospective cohort study.
The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of bioimpedance phase angle (PA) on selected clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized in internal-medicine wards. ⋯ In internal-medicine wards, bioimpedance-derived PA emerged as a predictor of length of hospital stay, hospital readmission, falls, and mortality. The present findings suggest that in the hospital setting, PA assessment could be useful in identifying patients at higher risk who need specific nutritional support.
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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of muscle wasting according to measures obtained by different limb muscle mass indexes, to find the best mortality predictor among outpatients with cirrhosis. ⋯ The results suggest that using ULMMI is better than AMMI for predicting mortality of outpatients with cirrhosis, thus offering a better measure to detect muscle wasting in this population using DXA.