Nutrition
-
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a dietary therapeutic remedy for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Gut microbiota may influence the host metabolism and nutritional status of individuals. Given the significance of TRF and gut microbiota in metabolic diseases, the aim of this study was to explore the association between TRF and gut microbiota in healthy individuals, which is not clearly elucidated. ⋯ The present study demonstrated that TRF is associated with microbial composition and relative abundance. TRF intervention might increase microbial abundance, thereby influencing the host metabolism and nutritional status.
-
The first aim of this study was to determine the metabolic type of individuals based on the postprandial metabolic response after the ingestion of a meal challenge that was high protein and either high glucose (high GI) or fructose (low GI). The second aim was to compare the baseline characteristics between the different metabolic types (metabotypes). The third aim was to assess whether the inclusion of fructose or glucose in a high-protein breakfast modulated the glucose, insulin, and TG response over a 4-h period. ⋯ Three metabolic types with a distinct metabolic response could be distinguished after a high fructose meal. The results suggest a different risk profile and may indicate why some people develop diabetes in an obesogenic environment. Improved metabolic-type assessments will enable us to develop and optimize nutritional and medical interventions for individuals with differing diabetes risk.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of multispecies probiotic on gut microbiota composition in individuals with intestinal constipation: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multispecies probiotic on gut microbiota composition and constipation symptoms. ⋯ These results suggest that multispecies probiotics in capsule form may modulate gut microbiota by reducing the bacteria that are commonly increased in patients with constipation, contributing to the balance of microbiota and, consequently, to the well-being of the individual. Future studies with larger numbers of patients are required.
-
Evidence from prospective studies on the association between eating speed and metabolic syndrome is limited. We prospectively investigated the association between eating speed and metabolic syndrome in a Japanese working population. ⋯ Fast eating speed was associated with an increased likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome independently of total energy intake, BMI at baseline, and BMI change during the follow-up period.
-
Evidence suggests that ω-3 fatty acids (FA) may have an anabolic effect on skeletal muscle. However, questions about dosage, frequency, combined protein supplementation, or different physical exercises remain unanswered. The aim of this study was to quantify by stereology whether supplementation with high dosages of ω-3 FA combined with swimming has an anabolic effect on the skeletal musculature and on the lipid profile of rats. ⋯ The administration of high doses of ω-3 associated with physical activity may be beneficial in the treatment of dyslipidemia. High doses of ω-3 FA do not cause muscle mass alteration.