Nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis
Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine N-oxide and all-cause mortality: Findings from an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
The gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been regarded as one of the potent risk factors for cardiovascular events and diabetes. In the current meta-analysis we quantitatively summarized and updated the results of studies regarding the association between TMAO and mortality. A systematic search was performed from PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Embase. ⋯ There were 31 230 participants included and the results showed that being in the highest category of TMAO increased the hazard ratio (HR) of mortality by 47%. Moreover, there was a non-linear association between increased TMAO concentrations and HR of mortality. In the current dose-response meta-analysis, we revealed a positive association between TMAO and mortality risk among an adult population.
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Bariatric surgery is becoming increasingly popular in the treatment of severely obese patients who failed to lose weight with the help of non-surgical interventions. Such patients are at increased risk for premature death, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, gallstones, coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, some cancers, anxiety, depression, and degenerative joint disorders. Although bariatric surgery appears to be the most effective and durable treatment option for obesity, it is associated with a number of surgical and medical complications. ⋯ To achieve better surgery outcomes, a number of postsurgical strategies must be considered. The aim of this review was to describe possible complications, ailments, and important moments in the follow-up after bariatric surgery. Adequate lifelong monitoring is crucial for the achievement of long-lasting goals and reduction of post-bariatric complications.
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The aim of this study was to access the association between overweight or obesity and abdominal obesity (AO) and cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) of schoolchildren. ⋯ The relationship between increased body weight or AO and CRF, described in the present data, reinforces the importance of early prevention of excess weight in children.
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Dietary fibers, such as pectins, are blended in liquid diets (LDs) to prevent diarrhea; however, which type of pectin is more effective, along with its mechanism of action, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the gelling characteristics, fermentability, fecal properties, and motility of the colon during the administration of LDs blended with pectins. ⋯ In the colon, LM or VLMA could form a water-holding gel with calcium ions to produce normal feces. The mechanical stimulation of the formed fecal mass might induce physiological colonic contractions.
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Nutrition backlash is a disposition defined by negative feelings about dietary recommendations. Past research has measured nutrition backlash using the nutrition backlash scale (NBS) and found that it is negatively related to the consumption of fruits and vegetables. The aim of this study was to examine several aspects of the NBS, including factor structure, discriminant validity, and relationship to demographic characteristics and health behaviors. ⋯ A six-item version of the NBS was found to be reliable, discriminant from related measures, higher in underserved groups (less-educated, non-white, and male participants), and related to nutrition label use.