Nutrition
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Nutrient timing is a concept that emphasizes the intentional ingestion of whole or fortified foods, and dietary supplements, to adequately fuel for, and recover from, acute and chronic exercise. The nutrition strategies used by powerlifters around training sessions have not, to our knowledge, been previously investigated. This study explored the self-reported periworkout (before, during, and after) nutrition practices of competitive powerlifters, including what, why, and information source that informed practice, with comparison to current sport nutrition guidelines. ⋯ The periworkout nutrition practices used by competitive powerlifters followed current sport nutrition guidelines, by using CHO sources to fuel for training and ensuring the provision of protein postexercise. Competitive powerlifters may wish to exert caution with supplementation, as there is a risk of harm or inadvertent doping.
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The aim to examine the prevalence and prognosis of cachexia according to the Asian Working Group for Cachexia (AWGC) criteria in patients with sarcopenic dysphagia. ⋯ Cachexia was found in 36% of patients with sarcopenic dysphagia, and death was significantly higher in cachexia.
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Breast cancer survivors are a growing population due to improved treatment. It is known that postmenopausal women treated for breast cancer may experience weight gain and increased insulin resistance, but detailed knowledge on how chemotherapy impact metabolic and endocrine mechanisms remain unknown. ⋯ This preliminary study is unique in using advanced tracer methods to investigate in vivo metabolism of EBC patients after chemotherapy although no statistical differences in glucose and fatty acid kinetics was seen compared to controls. However, during the first two postprandial hours, oral glucose and oleic acid appearance in the systematic circulation was elevated in the EBC patients. This could be due to changes in gastrointestinal uptake and further studies with altered set-up could provide valuable insights.
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Observational Study
Baseline immune status and the effectiveness of response to enteral nutrition among ICU patients with COVID-19: An observational, retrospective study.
This study aimed to compare how immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients responded differently to enteral nutrition (EN) support in intensive care units (ICUs) during the COVID-19 pandemic, including serum nutritional biomarkers, inflammatory biomarkers, gastrointestinal (GI) intolerance symptoms, and clinical outcomes. ⋯ We found that the immunocompromised patients spent more time in the hospital. These findings may help us to standardize the participants before EN interventional studies better and better individualize EN supports based on patients' immunity status.
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Although muscle mass and its distribution have been shown to affect prognosis, the association between regional muscle mass and cardiovascular mortality risk in diabetic patients remains unclear. ⋯ Higher upper limb lean mass is associated with lower cardiovascular mortality compared with other regional lean mass in patients with diabetes, especially for men. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in muscle metabolic differentiation.