Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to determine whether hepatic gene expression related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with disease severity and modifiable lifestyle factors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). ⋯ HCC-related gene expression was associated with liver histology, body mass index, waist circumference, diet, and physical activity but was not affected by ω-3 PUFA supplementation.
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The aim of this study was to identify and cluster potential sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of excess weight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) in Switzerland. ⋯ We identified four discrete subgroups of individuals with excess weight who differed by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Such subgroups may prove useful for targeted public health interventions.
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Observational Study
Hyperphagia in short bowel patients: Fat-free mass is a strong predictor.
Some patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) develop hyperphagic behavior. Such an increase in food intake stimulates intestinal adaptation and limits dependence on parenteral nutrition (PN). The aim of this study was to determine the factors modulating food consumption in patients with SBS. ⋯ Fat-free mass is a strong predictor of OEI in patients with SBS on PN and without debilitating gastrointestinal symptoms. Increasing fat-free mass could be a way to stimulate OEI in these patients. Further studies are needed to assess this assumption.
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Observational Study
Sarcopenia and cardiovascular risk indices in patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative and replacement therapy.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition with high cardiovascular mortality associated with emerging risk factors, including sarcopenia. Several mechanisms can affect muscle mass, such as vitamin D deficiency, low protein intake, physical inactivity, metabolic acidosis, and inflammation leading to a worsening of cardiovascular outcomes and cognitive function. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in CKD patients on conservative and replacement therapy and the associations between sarcopenia and markers of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, psychological and cognitive function. ⋯ Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in CKD/end stage renal disease patients and is associated with changes in early systemic indices of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction, known as markers of worse prognosis.
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Inflammatory potential of diet, as measured by the dietary inflammatory index (DII), has consistently been associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer (PCa). However, data has largely been reported in populations with more proinflammatory dietary patterns, whereas there is high diversity in dietary pattern worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the association between DII scores and the risk for PCa in Vietnam. ⋯ A proinflammatory diet was associated with increased risk for PCa among Vietnamese men.