Nutrition
-
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of enteral nutrition (EN) for critically ill trauma patients with severe traumatic duodenal injuries who received placement of concurrent decompressing and feeding jejunostomies. ⋯ The majority of patients with severe duodenal injuries and concurrent decompressing/feeding tube jejunostomies failed initial EN therapy.
-
Glutamine has been shown to promote the release of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) both within experimental in vitro models of sepsis and in adults with septic shock. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 2 mM glutamine and an inhibitor of HSP70 (KNK437) on the release of HSP70 and inflammatory mediators in healthy adult volunteers. ⋯ Glutamine supplementation promotes HSP70 release in an experimental model of sepsis. After the addition of KNK437, the effects of glutamine on HSP70 and inflammatory mediator release appear to be lost, suggesting that HSP70 in part orchestrates the inflammatory mediator response to sepsis. The clinical implications require further investigation.
-
Retinal degenerations are a class of devastating blinding diseases that are characterized by photoreceptor dysfunction and death. In this study, we tested whether grape consumption, in the form of freeze-dried grape powder (FDGP), improves photoreceptor survival in a mouse model of retinal degeneration. ⋯ A diet supplemented with grapes rescued retinal structure and function in an oxidative stress-induced mouse model of retinal degeneration, which demonstrates the beneficial effect of grapes on photoreceptors.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic administration in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
We are aware of no study examining the effects of probiotic supplementation on symptoms of depression, metabolic profiles, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The present study was designed to determine the effects of probiotic intake on symptoms of depression and metabolic status in patients with MDD. ⋯ Probiotic administration in patients with MDD for 8 wk had beneficial effects on Beck Depression Inventory, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, hs-CRP concentrations, and glutathione concentrations, but did not influence fasting plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment of beta cell function, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, lipid profiles, and total antioxidant capacity levels.