Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of breakfast omission on subjective appetite, metabolism, acylated ghrelin and GLP-17-36 during rest and exercise.
Breakfast omission induces compensatory eating behaviour at lunch, but often reduces daily energy intake. This study investigated the effect of breakfast omission on within-day subjective appetite, energy expenditure, substrate utilisation, and appetite hormone profiles, in response to standardised feeding and exercise. ⋯ The results of this laboratory-controlled study suggest that the effects of breakfast omission are transient and do not extend beyond lunch, even when the negative energy balance created by breakfast omission is sustained via standardised feeding and exercise.
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Hyperhomocysteinemia, increased oxidative stress, and decreased antioxidant defense function have been found to be associated with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Deficiencies of folate and vitamin B-6 (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, PLP) may cause hyperhomocysteinemia and increased oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations among homocysteine, folate, PLP, oxidative stress indicator, and antioxidant capacities in patients with stage 2 to 3 CKD, and to further analyze these relationships with respect to risk for CKD. ⋯ High homocysteine, low PLP, increased oxidative stress, and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase activity) were independent contributing factors in the development of early stage CKD.
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To assess joint effects of heterocyclic amine (HCA), fruit, and vegetable intake on DNA damage in a general population. ⋯ Lower intake of fruits and higher intake of HCAs were associated with higher DNA damage levels and showed an additive effect pattern.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
ω-3 fatty acids as an adjuvant therapy ameliorates methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A randomized placebo-controlled study.
Methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatotoxicity is a significant clinical problem that may affect overall prognosis and disease outcome. Oxidative stress is a key player in its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ω-3 fatty acids as an adjuvant therapy in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during the maintenance phase of chemotherapy and the effect of ω-3 on MTX-induced hepatotoxicity. ⋯ The study determined that ω-3 fatty acids ameliorated MTX-induced hepatotoxicity and could be safely used during the maintenance phase of ALL.
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Kamishimotsuto (KST) is a supplement containing 13 different herbs including Phellodendron bark, Anemarrhena rhizome and ginseng that have been shown to activate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and thereby increase muscle protein synthesis in vitro. However, the combined effect of KST and resistance exercise on muscle protein anabolism has not been investigated in vivo. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of KST supplementation, resistance exercise on (mTORC1) signaling and subsequent muscle protein synthesis. ⋯ While resistance exercise alone was able to increase p70S6K and rpS6 phosphorylation, Kamishimotsuto supplementation further augmented resistance exercise-induced muscle protein synthesis through mTORC1 signaling.