Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of excess body fat on bone mass in overweight, obese, and extremely obese adolescents. ⋯ The results reveal a negative effect of BF% on bone mass in males and indicate that the higher the BF% among overweight adolescents, the lower the BMD and BMC values.
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Comparative Study
Effects of low carbohydrate diets on energy and nitrogen balance and body composition in rats depend on dietary protein-to-energy ratio.
Truly ketogenic rodent diets are low in carbohydrates but also low in protein. The aim of this study was to differentiate effects of ketosis, low carbohydrate (LC) and/or low-protein intake on energy and nitrogen metabolism. ⋯ These results suggest that truly ketogenic LC diets in growing rats are LC diets that are also deficient in protein for growth.
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With aging, kidney function declines, as evidenced by reduced glomerular filtration rate. It is controversial whether or not high protein intake accelerates this decline. The aim of this study was to determine whether high protein intake was associated with declines in kidney function among older patients. ⋯ These data suggest that higher protein intake does not have a major effect on kidney function decline among elderly men and women.
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Probiotics may improve intestinal health by modulating intestinal microbiota. However, the age-related variation in response to probiotic consumption is understudied. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral consumption of Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 (Lp-8) on human intestinal microflora, secretary immunoglobulin A (SIgA), total bile acids (TBAs), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of different aged adults. ⋯ Lp-8 administration could improve human gastrointestinal health. However, some of these effects were transient and gradually disappeared once the intervention was discontinued. Moreover, the extent of these desirable effects was age-related.
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The Balearic Islands, a well-known Spanish tourist destination for Europeans, is undergoing profound social events, which are reflected in the current food patterns of this population. The aim of this study was to assess 10-year trends (2000-2010) in compliance with the current Spanish nutritional objectives among the adult population of the Balearic Islands. ⋯ The percentage of compliers with the Spanish nutritional objectives has increased for 6 to 11 items over the 10-y period. A reduction in saturated fatty acid and cholesterol intake, and an increase in dietary fiber, carbohydrate, fruit, vegetables, folate, and calcium intake should be recommended.