Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Probiotics, feeding tolerance, and growth: a comparison between HIV-exposed and unexposed very low birth weight infants.
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of administration of probiotics on feeding tolerance and growth outcomes of HIV-exposed (but uninfected) versus HIV non-exposed preterm infants. The null hypothesis of this study states that there will be no difference in the feeding tolerance and growth outcomes for both probiotic-exposed and unexposed premature very low birth weight infants. ⋯ Probiotic supplementation did not affect growth outcomes or the incidence of any signs of feeding intolerance in HIV exposure.
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The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is suggested to induce oxidative stress, reflected by an imbalance between prooxidant and antioxidant substances. The majority of studies published have either focused on only one aspect (prooxidant or antioxidant side) or covered only a short observation period. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of CPB on the balance of prooxidative markers and antioxidant substances in one single group of patients, being able to estimate the degree of oxidative stress. ⋯ Our findings indicate that the oxidative stress event after CPB can be divided into two phases: Immediately after reperfusion, a massive oxidative stress occurs, reflected by the increase in malondialdehyde. During convalescence, there must be an ongoing situation of oxidative stress, especially in the water-soluble compartment, leading to the consumption of vitamin C. Because the main antioxidant substance, vitamin C, did not increase again over the entire observation period, supplementation should be given consideration.