Nutrition
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Observational Study
Iron status of pregnant Indian women from an area of active iron supplementation.
The aim of this study was to investigate the iron status of pregnant tribal women from Ramtek, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India using a combination of indices. ⋯ The iron indices suggest that pregnant tribal women of central India, although anemic, had good iron status. Use of iron supplements > 7 d in the preceding month improved iron status; however, non-iron-deficiency anemia persisted in this group.
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Observational Study
Waist-to-height ratio: an accurate anthropometric index of abdominal adiposity and a predictor of high HOMA-IR values in nondialyzed chronic kidney disease patients.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance (IR), mainly when associated with obesity and characterized by high abdominal adiposity (AbAd). Anthropometric measures are recommended for assessing AbAd in clinical settings, but their accuracies need to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision of different anthropometric measures of AbAd in patients with CKD. We also sought to determine the AbAd association with high homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values and the cutoff point for AbAd index to predict high HOMA-IR values. ⋯ WheiR is recommended as an effective and precise anthropometric index to assess AbAd and to predict high HOMA-IR values in nondialyzed patients with CKD.
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Comparative Study
Impact of advanced and basic carbohydrate counting methods on metabolic control in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Diets based on carbohydrate counting remain a key strategy for improving glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. However, these diets may promote weight gain because of the flexibility in food choices. The aim of this study was to compare carbohydrate counting methods regarding anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary variables in individuals with type 1 diabetes, as well as to evaluate their knowledge about nutrition. ⋯ Advanced carbohydrate counting did not affect lipemic and glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes, however, it may increase food intake, and consequently the BMI and WC, when compared to basic carbohydrate counting. Furthermore, carbohydrate counting promoted greater food flexibility.
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Comparative Study
The four-compartment model of body composition in obese Chilean schoolchildren, by pubertal stage: comparison with simpler models.
We assessed the agreement of body fat and fat-free mass measured by simpler methods against the four-compartment model (4C). ⋯ For obese Chilean children of both sexes, isotopic dilution and DEXA were the two-compartment methods that had the best agreement with the gold-standard 4C model for both body fat and fat-free mass; these were followed by the Huang and Ellis anthropometric equations.
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Vitamin A (VA) is a critical micronutrient for life, especially during growth and development. There is a close relationship between VA deficiency (VAD) and the morbidity of diarrhea in the clinical setting. However, the regulatory mechanisms of VA are not clearly understood. ⋯ Gestational or early life VAD decreases the numbers of immune cells in offspring, which may partly suppress the activities of the mucosal immune responses in the intestine. This suggests that more attention should be given to the VA nutritional state of children and women of reproductive age.