Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of buttermilk consumption on blood pressure in moderately hypercholesterolemic men and women.
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) found in buttermilk is rich in unique bioactive proteins. Several studies suggest that MFGM proteins possess biological activities such as cholesterol-lowering, antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties, but data in humans are lacking. Furthermore, to our knowledge, no study has yet investigated the antihypertensive potential of MFGM proteins from buttermilk. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of buttermilk consumption on blood pressure and on markers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAS) system in humans. ⋯ Short-term buttermilk consumption reduces blood pressure in normotensive individuals.
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Anxiety is the most prevalent type of mental disorder and a significant health concern. Cross-sectional studies have detected a positive association between obesity and anxiety. What is less clear is whether weight loss can reduce anxiety. ⋯ Mean weight loss ranged from 0.7 to 18.6 kg (SD 4.5) and in three of the studies, anxiety fell by 9.2% to 11.4% and did not change in four studies. When macronutrient content was considered, only one of four interventional studies and one pilot study reported a beneficial effect of a moderate-fat diet on anxiety. There appears to be no strong evidence to indicate that diet-induced weight loss has a beneficial effect on anxiety, however, none of the diet-induced weight loss studies assessed had a detrimental effect on anxiety.
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The aim of this study was to determine the best dietary diversity indicator to measure dietary diversity and micronutrient adequacy in children. ⋯ Overall results seem to indicate that any of the four G indicators can be used in dietary assessment studies on children, with G13 and G21 being marginally better. A cut-off DDS of 4 and 5, respectively, appear best.
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The association between caffeine intake and the risk for chronic diseases, namely type 2 diabetes, has not been consistent, and may be influenced by the timing of caffeine ingestion. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of caffeine administered in different scenarios of meal ingestion on postprandial glycemic and lipidemic status, concomitant with changes in body glycogen stores. ⋯ Caffeine administration seems to decrease insulin sensitivity as indicated by the sustenance of glucose status despite the presence of high insulin levels. The lower triglyceride levels in the presence of caffeine support the theory of retarded postprandial triglyceride absorption. Caffeine seems to play a biphasic role in glucose metabolism, as indicated by its ability to variably influence hepatic glycogen status.