Nutrition
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Routine identification of nutritional risk screening is paramount as the first stage in nutritional treatment of the elderly. The major focus of former validation studies of screening tools has been on the ability to predict undernutrition. The aim of this study was to validate Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), Body Mass Index (BMI) <24, and the Eating Validation Scheme (EVS), using published randomized controlled trials of nutritional intervention among old people in primary health care, in order to evaluate whether they were capable of distinguishing those with a positive benefit from those that showed no benefit of nutritional intervention. ⋯ Overall EVS seemed most capable of distinguishing those clients and residents with a positive benefit from those that showed no benefit of nutritional intervention. The findings should be confirmed in further validation and intervention studies.
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Comparative Study
Analyzing weight loss intervention studies with missing data: which methods should be used?
Missing data due to study dropout is common in weight loss trials and several statistical methods exist to account for it. The aim of this study was to identify methods in the literature and to compare the effects of methods of analysis using simulated data sets. ⋯ The simulation analysis showed that when data were not missing at random, treatment effects were small, and the amount of missing data was substantial, the analysis method had an effect on the significance of the outcome. Careful attention must be paid when analyzing or appraising studies with missing data and small effects to ensure appropriate conclusions are drawn.
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Comparative Study
Parenteral nutrition mixtures prepared at home by trained parents are as safe as pharmacy-made mixtures: a 3-y prospective study.
Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) prevents malnutrition in children with intestinal failure improving chances for the best possible physical development and quality of life. For organizational reasons, in Poland the majority of children on HPN receive nutrition mixtures prepared at home by their parents. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this method influences the frequency of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). ⋯ Preparing parenteral nutrition mixtures at home by trained parents is a safe method of HPN with a slightly (however insignificantly) lower incidence of CRBSIs compared with hospital pharmacy-prepared parenteral nutrition mixtures.
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The goal of this cross-sectional study was to assess whether habitual coffee consumption shows beneficial association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. ⋯ Habitual moderate coffee consumption shows significant inverse associations with MetS-related biomarkers possibly involving adiponectin, which is inversely related to visceral fat accumulation.
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To our knowledge, no data have yet shown the combined effects of GSTM1/GSTT1 gene polymorphisms with high consumption of a fruit and vegetable diet on the body's antioxidant capacity. A 2-wk dietary intervention in healthy participants was conducted to test the hypothesis that the antioxidant biomarkers in individuals with different glutathione-S-transferases (GST) genotypes will be different in response to a high fruit-juice and vegetable diet. ⋯ The effects of a diet rich in fruit-juice and vegetables on antioxidant capacity were dependent on GSTM1/GSTT1 genotypes.