Nutrition
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The goal of this cross-sectional study was to assess whether habitual coffee consumption shows beneficial association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. ⋯ Habitual moderate coffee consumption shows significant inverse associations with MetS-related biomarkers possibly involving adiponectin, which is inversely related to visceral fat accumulation.
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Comparative Study
Parenteral nutrition mixtures prepared at home by trained parents are as safe as pharmacy-made mixtures: a 3-y prospective study.
Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) prevents malnutrition in children with intestinal failure improving chances for the best possible physical development and quality of life. For organizational reasons, in Poland the majority of children on HPN receive nutrition mixtures prepared at home by their parents. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this method influences the frequency of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). ⋯ Preparing parenteral nutrition mixtures at home by trained parents is a safe method of HPN with a slightly (however insignificantly) lower incidence of CRBSIs compared with hospital pharmacy-prepared parenteral nutrition mixtures.
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Observational Study
Multichannel intraluminal impedance to study gastroesophageal reflux in mechanically ventilated children in the first 48 h after PICU admission.
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, characteristics, related factors, and clinical implications of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in critically ill children using esophageal pH monitoring and multichannel intraluminal impedance. ⋯ The incidence of GER in non-enterally fed critically ill children with mechanical ventilation is high in the first 48 h after admission to the PICU. Multichannel intraluminal impedance is more sensitive than pH monitoring for establishing the diagnosis of GER because the refluxate is alkaline or weak acid in the majority of episodes. Patients who received muscle relaxants had a lower frequency of GER.
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Patients with type 2 diabetes and their relatives (REL) have increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Postprandial triglyceridemia (PPL), which is influenced by diet, is an independent risk factor for CVD. Little is known about the effects of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (medium-chain SFA) on PPL and gene expression in REL. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that medium-chain SFA cause larger PPL response in REL compared with controls (CON) and have a differential effect on circulating incretins and ghrelin and gene expression in muscle and adipose tissue in REL and CON. ⋯ A meal high in medium-chain SFA resulted in larger PPL response in REL than in CON. It remains to be clarified whether this can be reproduced by a pure medium-chain fat (MCT) load. The meal exerted a differential effect on gene expression in muscle, but not adipose tissue, of REL compared with CON.