Nutrition
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Comparative Study
Arginyl-glutamine dipeptide or docosahexaenoic acid attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal mice.
Supplementation studies of glutamine, arginine, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have established the safety of each of these nutrients in neonates. However, the potential for a more stable and soluble dipeptide, arginyl-glutamine (Arg-Gln) or DHA, a long-chain ω-3 fatty acid with anti-inflammatory properties, to exert benefits on hyperoxia-induced lung injury has not to our knowledge been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Arg-Gln dipeptide or DHA could attenuate markers of injury and inflammation in neonatal mouse lungs exposed to hyperoxia. ⋯ The Arg-Gln and DHA, with protective effects on hyperoxic lung injury in neonatal mice, are promising nutritional adjuncts that may prevent lung damage owing to oxygen toxicity in infants.
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Increasing evidence suggests that dietary factors may affect the expression of multiple genes and signaling pathways, which regulate intestinal lipoprotein metabolism. The small intestine is actively involved in the regulation of dietary lipid absorption, intracellular transport, and metabolism and is closely linked to systemic lipid metabolism. Cinnamon polyphenols have been shown to improve glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism and improve inflammation in cell culture, animal, and human studies. However, little is known of the effects of an aqueous cinnamon extract (CE) on the regulation of genes and signaling pathways related to intestinal metabolism. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a CE on the primary enterocytes of chow-fed rats. ⋯ These results demonstrate that the CE regulates genes associated with insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and cholesterol/lipogenesis metabolism and the activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway in intestinal lipoprotein metabolism.
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Editorial Comparative Study
Which are more important: prebiotics or probiotics?
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Clinical Trial
Targeting insulin inhibition as a metabolic therapy in advanced cancer: a pilot safety and feasibility dietary trial in 10 patients.
Most aggressive cancers demonstrate a positive positron emission tomographic (PET) result using ¹⁸F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG), reflecting a glycolytic phenotype. Inhibiting insulin secretion provides a method, consistent with published mechanisms, for limiting cancer growth. ⋯ Preliminary data demonstrate that an insulin-inhibiting diet is safe and feasible in selected patients with advanced cancer. The extent of ketosis, but not calorie deficit or weight loss, correlated with stable disease or partial remission. Further study is needed to assess insulin inhibition as complementary to standard cytotoxic and endocrine therapies.