Nutrition
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Predictors of bone loss in elderly Asian women have been unclear. This cohort study aimed to assess lifestyle, nutritional, and biochemical predictors of bone loss in elderly Japanese women. ⋯ Our findings indicate that adequate general nutrition and appropriate osteoporosis medication, rather than specific nutritional regimens, may be effective in preventing bone loss in elderly women.
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Counteraction of oxidative damage in the rat liver by an ancient grain (Kamut brand khorasan wheat).
We previously demonstrated in rat plasma the antioxidant protective effect of whole-grain bread, particularly when made from Kamut brand khorasan wheat. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the same experimental breads in rat liver using two different bread-making procedures (baker's yeast and sourdough fermentation). ⋯ Our data confirm that bread made from whole-grain Kamut khorasan protects rats from oxidative stress better than bread made from whole-grain durum wheat. This is consistent with their different antioxidant profiles. The type of wheat used for bread-making appeared to be the main determinant of the observed protective effect.
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To determine the nutritional status of a cohort of children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) and to assess the effect of malnutrition as an independent risk factor affecting outcome in this patient group. ⋯ Malnutrition is common among children admitted to an ICU. This factor was not a predictor of mortality but showed independent association with length of mechanical ventilation.
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This pilot study was designed to determine if metabolic effects in different brain regions (left and right parietal lobes, midbrain) caused by 3 d of food consumption without methionine or cysteine could be detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ⋯ The data show that magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a non-invasive tool suitable for nutritional assessment and suggest that nutritional imbalance caused by 3 d of SAA-free food more selectively affects the midbrain than the parietal lobes.
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Comparative Study
Caffeoylquinic acid-rich extract from chicory seeds improves glycemia, atherogenic index, and antioxidant status in rats.
Comparison of the effects of a high-fructose diet supplemented with rutin, a phenolic compound with well-recognized bioavailability and bioactivity, and a chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) seed extract rich in caffeoylquinic acids (CQA) on gut physiology and the development of disorders related to metabolic syndrome. ⋯ The potential efficacy of the CQA-rich extract from chicory seeds in improving diet-induced metabolic disturbances proved to be better than that of rutin; thus, the extract might be considered as a dietary supplement for carrying out clinical trials.