Nutrition
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Insulin is an important regulator of glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. It suppresses hepatic glucose and triglyceride production, inhibits adipose tissue lipolysis and whole-body and muscle proteolysis, and stimulates glucose uptake in muscle. ⋯ Potential differences exist in the regulation of plasma triglyceride concentration and protein metabolism by insulin and in changes in insulin action in response to stimuli (e.g., weight loss and exercise) that are known to alter insulin sensitivity. However, these areas have not been studied comprehensively enough to draw firm conclusions.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Gastrointestinal tolerance to an inulin-rich soluble roasted chicory extract after consumption in healthy subjects.
We aimed to assess in healthy subjects 1) the effect of two doses of a new naturally inulin-rich soluble chicory extract (IRSCE) on overall gastrointestinal discomfort after short-term ingestion and 2) the effect on gastrointestinal symptoms of long-term consumption of IRSCE administered at a dose compatible with its future commercial use. ⋯ Short- and long-term consumptions of IRSCE, given at a daily dose containing 5 g of inulin, are well tolerated by healthy subjects.
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The potential relation between metabolic activity within the central nervous system and retention of cognitive functioning capacity was assessed. ⋯ Maintenance of redox balance within the central nervous system can forestall cognitive decline and promote cognitive longevity.
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The effect of zinc and glutamine on brain development was investigated during the lactation period in Swiss mice. ⋯ We conclude that glutamine or zinc protects against malnutrition-induced brain developmental impairments.
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Associations between dietary glycemic load (GL) and cardiovascular disease risk factors, including plasma lipoprotein/lipid levels, blood pressure, and glucose metabolism factors, in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study were examined. ⋯ Among these generally healthy postmenopausal women, GL was associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerols. Suggestive effects of race/ethnicity and body mass index on these associations need to be confirmed in larger studies.