Nutrition
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
No difference in the 24-hour interstitial fluid glucose profile with modulations to the glycemic index of the diet.
Reducing the glycemic index (GI) of the diet may decrease metabolic risk, primarily through reduction and stabilization of blood glucose. The objective of this research was to investigate whether incorporation of lower or higher GI foods into mixed meals had different effects on daylong glucose profiles, measured in interstitial fluid by a continuous glucose-monitoring system. ⋯ This study indicates that a difference in dietary GI of 14-15 U is insufficient to alter daylong glycemia as measured in interstitial fluid by the continuous glucose-monitoring system.
-
Ingestion of deep-frying oil has been reported to cause physiologic and histologic changes in experimental animals' tissue, increase the oxidative stress, and possibly lead to death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of deep-frying oil on oxidative stress and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. ⋯ The ingestion of deep-frying oil seemed not to influence blood pressure or its related parameters, but altered eicosanoid metabolism and elevated oxidative stress in SHR and WKY rats.
-
It has been well documented that as individuals age, body composition changes, even in the absence of changes in body weight. Studies have shown that fat mass increases and muscle mass decreases with age. However, it is unclear why such changes occur. ⋯ Although long-term longitudinal studies are lacking, most cross-sectional studies or short-term longitudinal studies show a reduction in RMR with aging that cannot be explained by changes in body composition including loss in fat-free mass, where the latter includes atrophy or decreases in the mass of high metabolic rate organs. There is indirect evidence suggesting that the metabolic rate of individual organs is lower in older compared with younger individuals. With aging, we conclude that reductions in the mass of individual organs/tissues and in tissue-specific organ metabolic rate contribute to a reduction in RMR that in turn promotes changes in body composition favoring increased fat mass and reduced fat-free mass.
-
Cachexia is a devastating syndrome of body wasting that is associated with multiple common chronic diseases including cancer, chronic kidney disease, and chronic heart failure. These underlying diseases are associated with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and result in anorexia, increased resting energy expenditure, and loss of fat and lean body mass. Prior experiments have implicated the central melanocortin system in the hypothalamus with the propagation of these symptoms of cachexia. ⋯ In addition, small molecule antagonists of the melanocortin-4 receptor continue to be introduced, including ones with oral bioavailability. These developments generate optimism that melanocortin antagonism will be used to treat humans with disease-associated cachexia. However, to date, human application has remained elusive and it is unclear when we will know whether humans with cachexia would benefit from treatment with these compounds.
-
We determined the prevalence by age and sex and associated factors of overweight and obesity in French adolescents. ⋯ Our data support the hypothesis that parental overweight and low socioeconomic status and adolescents' sedentary behavior are strong risk factors for adolescent overweight and obesity, and that parents active lifestyle is associated with a lower risk of overweight in their adolescents.