Nutrition
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In the present study we evaluated the effect of exercise on the plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the anti-inflammatory molecule uric acid in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats that are more prone to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus. ⋯ These results indicate that aerobic exercise is anti-inflammatory in nature.
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A growing body of evidence supports an antiobesity effect of dairy products; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. The objective of this study was to explore possible intestinal mechanisms by which dairy delivers an antiobesity effect. The human intestinal cell line, NCI-H716, was used to test the hypothesis that branched-chain amino acids and dairy proteins regulate satiety hormone secretion and modulate genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism. ⋯ This work suggests that the antiobesity effect of dairy may be mediated, at least in part, by integration of events that promote glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and inhibit expression of genes involved in intestinal fatty acid and cholesterol absorption and synthesis.
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Lactobacilli are used in various dairy products and fermented foods for their potential health beneficial effects. Recently we reported the protective role of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus during Shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. Nevertheless, investigations on the membrane-stabilizing effect of L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus have not been done. Hence, the present study evaluated the effect of L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus on the maintenance of intestinal membrane integrity during S. dysenteriae 1-induced diarrhea in rats. ⋯ Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. acidophilus synergistically offered better protection to the intestinal membrane when compared with individual treatments with these strains during S. dysenteriae 1 infection.
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Burns are a serious injury that requires optimal nutritional support. This review discusses the nutritional care for adults and children with major burns. ⋯ Early nutrition by parenteral and enteral feedings is vital. Careful assessment of the nutritional state of the burn patient is also important to reduce infection, recovery time, and long-term sequelae.
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We investigated whether a dietary supplement rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) increases fasting plasma ketones or postprandial ketone responses in healthy young and elderly subjects. ⋯ Contrary to our expectations, EPA supplementation lowered postprandial beta-OHB response and, in the elderly subjects, the concentration of postprandial beta-OHB was not lowered after intake of the EPA supplement.