Nutrition
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The intent of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of our protocol for providing continuous intravenous regular human insulin (RHI) infusion to hyperglycemic critically ill trauma patients receiving specialized nutritional support. ⋯ Our protocol was safe and effective for the management of hyperglycemia in critically ill trauma patients receiving specialized nutritional support but should be used with caution in patients with renal insufficiency.
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This study examined the relation between quality of dietary carbohydrate intake, as measured by glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. ⋯ Quality of dietary carbohydrates does not appear to be associated with serum hs-CRP levels. Among obese individuals, higher dietary GL appears to be related to lower hs-CRP levels. Due to the limited number of studies on this topic and their conflicting results, further investigation is warranted.
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Many studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have immunomodulatory effects. However, the influence of omega-3 FAs on septic conditions is not certain. This study examined the effect of fish oil (FO)-enriched diets before and/or omega-3 FA-containing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) after sepsis on the distribution of T-lymphocyte subpopulations and splenocyte cytokine mRNA expressions in rats with polymicrobial sepsis. ⋯ FO administration before and/or after CLP maintained blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations and modulated T-helper type 1 and 2 cytokine mRNA expressions in rats with polymicrobial sepsis.
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We investigated vitamin D status in institutionalized elderly subjects by measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and its association with season and other factors: age, gender, nutritional status, cognitive function, functional ability, dietary intake, vitamin D supplement consumption, and disease. ⋯ In this Mediterranean area, a substantial percentage of institutionalized subjects showed an inadequate vitamin D status, which could be remedied by the consumption of vitamin D-fortified foods and/or vitamin D supplements, especially during the summer months.