Nutrition
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The present work was designed to study the effects of the two main isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12, on liver composition and hepatic fatty acid oxidation in hamsters. ⋯ These results suggest that the addition of 0.5% of these CLA isomers to the diet do not induce toxic effects in liver after 6 wk of feeding. Intake of trans-10,cis-12 isomer but not of cis-9,trans-11 CLA increases liver fatty acid oxidation. This effect leads to decreased hepatic and serum triacylglycerols.
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Disease severity is considered an important risk factor for malnutrition in hospitalized patients. We investigated the effect of social factors and disease parameters on the development of malnutrition. ⋯ These data show that patients who are older, less educated, and live alone are at high risk of developing malnutrition. Thus special attention should be given to these risk groups when evaluating nutritional status and nutritional support.
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This review provides an update of recent studies of dietary fiber and weight and includes a discussion of potential mechanisms of how dietary fiber can aid weight loss and weight maintenance. ⋯ The average fiber intake of adults in the United States is less than half recommended levels and is lower still among those who follow currently popular low-carbohydrate diets, such as Atkins and South Beach. Increasing consumption of dietary fiber with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes across the life cycle is a critical step in stemming the epidemic of obesity found in developed countries. The addition of functional fiber to weight-loss diets should also be considered as a tool to improve success.
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We assessed the effect of germinating Pisum sativum L. variant Arvense cv. Esla for 3 and 6 d in darkness on the chemical composition and nutritive utilization of protein and carbohydrates. ⋯ Germination of pea seeds for 3 d significantly improves palatability of these seeds and the nutritive utilization of protein and carbohydrates.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Early enteral feeding in newborn surgical patients.
We report the results of a multicenter prospective trial of early enteral trophic feeding in a group of 56 neonates who required abdominal surgery for a variety of congenital anomalies. ⋯ Postoperative, early intragastric, small-volume breast milk feeding is well tolerated by newborns. It is a reliable and feasible approach in neonates even in the presence of an intestinal anastomosis after abdominal surgery.