Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effectiveness of a soy-based compared with a traditional low-calorie diet on weight loss and lipid levels in overweight adults.
This study investigated the effects of a soy-based low-calorie diet on weight control, body composition, and blood lipid profiles compared with a traditional low-calorie diet. ⋯ Soy-based low-calorie diets significantly decreased serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and had a greater effect on reducing body fat percentage than traditional low-calorie diets. Thus, soy-based diets have health benefits in reducing weight and blood lipids.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Short-term effects of parenteral nutrition of cholestatic infants with lipid emulsions based on medium-chain and long-chain triacylglycerols.
Infants with chronic cholestasis may require parenteral nutrition with lipid emulsions to provide energy and essential fatty acids but the optimal strategy is controversial. ⋯ The MCT/LCT and LCT emulsions showed a good metabolic tolerance in infants with chronic cholestasis but had a differential effect on high-density lipoprotein phospholipid contents of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of cereal-thickened formula and upright positioning on regurgitation, gastric emptying, and weight gain in infants with regurgitation.
We compared the effect of cereal-thickened formula or postural therapy on regurgitation and gastroesophageal reflux, weight gain, and gastric emptying in infants. ⋯ Cereal-thickened formula is significantly more efficacious than postural therapy in decreasing the frequency of regurgitation in regurgitating infants. Treatment of regurgitation with cereal-thickened formula results in an increased caloric intake ( approximately 25%), related to increased gain in weight and length, in comparison with regular formula and positioning therapy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Oily fish reduces plasma triacylglycerols: a primary prevention study in overweight men and women.
Previous studies have demonstrated benefits of high-dose long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC omega-3 PUFA) supplements on metabolic risk. Effects of increased dietary omega-3 PUFA, via oily fish and/or plant-derived omega-3 PUFAs, are less clear and may be modulated by the omega-6:omega-3 PUFA of the habitual diet. This study examined the effect on cardiovascular disease risk markers of reducing dietary omega-6:omega-3 PUFA by changes in linoleic acid:alpha-linolenic acid (LA:LNA) and/or increasing LC omega-3 PUFA. It tested whether decreases in LA:LNA modulate effects of LC omega-3 PUFA. ⋯ Two portions of oily fish per week led to significant reductions in TAG relative to consumption of two portions of white fish per week. Changes in TAG were maximized when combined with lower LA:LNA.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of long-term continuous use of immune-enhancing enteral formula on nutritional and immunologic status in non-surgical patients.
Although the perioperative use of immune-enhancing enteral formula (IEEF) effectively reduces the rate of infectious complications, whether chronic use of IEEF is beneficial is unknown. A prospective randomized clinical trial was performed to examine the safety and effectiveness of long-term IEEF on nutritional and immunologic status in non-surgical patients receiving total enteral nutrition through the gastrostomy access route. ⋯ Long-term use of IEEF is safe in non-surgical patients and results in a significant increase in serum insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations in association with increased humoral immunity.