Nutrition
-
Multicenter Study
Is olestra consumption associated with changes in dietary intake, serum lipids, and body weight?
There is considerable controversy regarding the effects of fat substitutes (such as the non-caloric fat substitute, olestra) on Americans' diet and health. This report gives associations of olestra consumption (in savory snacks) with changes in nutrient intake, serum lipid concentrations, and body weight 1 y after these snacks became available nationally in the United States. ⋯ This study found very modest changes in total diet, but no changes in serum lipids or body weight, associated with consumption of olestra-containing savory snacks. However, the low use of olestra by the study sample limited the ability of this study to detect significant effects.
-
We wanted to establish optimum protein and glucose intakes during total parenteral nutrition by using a constant caloric but changing protein intake in critically ill, ventilated, anuric patients on continuous renal replacement therapy and measuring amino acid and glucose losses across the hemofilter. ⋯ This study of critically ill, ventilated, anuric patients on continuous renal replacement therapy suggested that increases in protein and glucose are required to account for the increased losses across the hemofilter. A protein intake of 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1) appeared to optimize nitrogen balance and correct amino acid deficiencies.
-
We wanted to develop and validate a test that assesses the knowledge and practices of health professionals (HPs) with regard to the role of nutrition, physical activity, and smoking cessation (lifestyle modification) in chronic diseases of lifestyle. ⋯ The results of this study showed that this test instrument identifies groups of health professionals with adequate training (knowledge) in lifestyle modification and those who require further training (knowledge).
-
An abnormal fatty acid pattern in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis (LC) has been reported in plasma phospholipids and some other tissues. To elucidate the significance of arachidonic acid deficiency on the clinical pathophysiology of LC and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we analyzed the fatty acid compositions of mononuclear cell phospholipids, plasma alpha-tocopherol, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in cirrhotic patients infected with the hepatitis C virus with and without HCC. ⋯ These results suggested that arachidonic acid in mononuclear cells may have an important role in the pathophysiology of hepatitis C virus associated with cirrhosis and that nutritional management preventing arachidonic acid deficiency may have some beneficial effects on the progression of LC.